...Mand training is derived from B.F. Skinners verbal behavior approach and is a set of teaching procedures that involves arranging naturally occurring or contrived motivating operants (MO's) to aid in the development of the request (mands) repertoire in children with autism and other developmental disabilities (Albert et al, 2012). Skinner identified four elementary operants of verbal behavior that are frequently used in many early language-training programs (Matson, J.L., & Sturmey, P., 2011). These verbal operants consist of mands, tacts, echoics, and intraverbals (Matson, J.L., & Sturmey, P., 2011). In an analysis of language for infants, Drash & Tudor acknowledged that the primary focus and type of language to teach in any language program is manding (Jennet, H., 2008). B.F. Skinner defined mands as a verbal operant where the response is reinforced by a specific consequence that is under the control of an aversive, deprived or satiated stimulus (Albert et al. 2012). The topography of a mand can have various characteristics; for instances it can include spoken words, making eye contact, using gestures or pointing, using sign language, picture exchange communication (PEC's) or augmentative devices (Albert et...
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...are responsible for educating patients on the effects and complications of these treatments. Since wound infection has been attributed to many incision procedures, it is crucial that clients improve their knowledge and skills to reduce this type of infection when sent home. According to the Journal of Clinical Nursing, after providing a wound care program to 89 participants, there was greater understanding, skills, and satisfaction from the group who was provided the program than from those without the education. Also, the wound infection rate was about 9% lower from the experimental group who was provided with the program as opposed to the control group who had about 20.2% of an infection rate. As demonstrated by this evidence, adequate teaching and communication provides patients or caregivers with better wound care knowledge and tools to managing traumatic wounds. J.V. was an 8-year-old...
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...Teaching plan for a new-onset juvenile diabetic Introduction Diabetes causes chronic health conditions and comorbidities, and if left untreated it has negative health consequences for individuals and also nation’s economy. According to a 2014 report from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted in 2012 that diabetes affects more than 29.1 million Americans and of them 8.1 million are undiagnosed (CDC,2014). The estimated cost of Diabetes in the United States in 2012 was 245 billion dollar that includes medical cost, disability, and premature death (CDC, 2014). According to Healthy People 2020, diabetes is the seventh leading cause of mortality, lowers life expectancy by up to 15 years, increase the risk of heart disease, kidney failures, blindness, and so forth (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). Type I diabetes is one of the most common endocrine diseases of childhood which is why it is also called juvenile onset diabetes. It is an autoimmune disease where the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed resulting in the inability of insulin production. People with type I diabetes need to take insulin daily to regulate their blood sugars (Lamb, 2015). Background and Importance of Research Diabetes is a severe and chronic disease that causes chronic disabilities. The inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in abnormally high blood sugar levels. Over years, high blood sugar levels can damage...
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...Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal Directions: Develop an educational series proposal for your community using one of the following four topics which was chosen within your CLC group: 1) Bioterrorism/Disaster 2) Environmental Issues 3) Primary Prevention/Health Promotion 4) Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population Planning Before Teaching: |Name and Credentials of Teacher: Dana Lynn Eckert, RN, BS, MHA | |Estimated Time Teaching Will Last: |Location of Teaching: | |Approximately 20 minutes |Day Care Center | |Supplies, Material, Equipment Needed: |Estimated Cost: | |Pamphlets Printed Out in Color (via Staples) |For color copies, approximately $1.00 per pamphlet | |Community and Target Aggregate: | |Parents and Day Care Providers | |Topic: Lead Poisoning | • Epidemiological Rationale for...
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...White academia logo Log In Sign Up CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies Foreign Literature Student Performance Galiher Rodelito Aramay Uploaded by Rodelito Aramay top 0.1%9,397 Download DOCX 20 between families and young children‘s early childhood education programs. It may include regular communication with teachers and efforts by the early childhood education programs to discussion groups. Responsibility for Learning Outcomes speaks to how parents can support the language and literacy development of their children through direct parent-teaching activities such as reading aloud and engaging in linguistically rich conversations with their children. Teacher’s I nvolvement in the Academic of the Learner Mary Chamberlain (2002) said that that great teacher make a difference. They have passion that seeps through the skin- a love of learning. Great progress (‗a revolution‘) was made but a working hum and engagement is now not enough. What are now needed are quality learning conversations between teachers and learners. It is about extending rather than supervising, about linking to the child‘s world, about creating lines of desires, about not seeing the curriculum as a straightjacket. The curriculum it seems is more a direction. ―Appreciate that learning isn‘t always fun‘ – a good teacher knows when to push‘ – some learning may be uncomfortable‘ - really good teachers do this in skilled way.‘ The ‗x‘ factor is enthusiasms- ...
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...University: SPE 226 April 28, 2012 Learning Disability Report Definition Chart | Learning Disabilities: Learning disabilities affect the ability to understand language that is spoken or written, it can relate to mathematics, and or direct attention. | Types | Dyslexia | Definition: Dyslexia is a learning disability where one has difficulty reading | | Characteristics & Causes: There are several different types of dyslexia and they can be caused by a brain trauma, hormonal development, and has been linked to the chromosome gene number 6 (Medicine Net.com, 1996-2012). | | Teaching Strategies: The best strategy is the use of multi-sensory to help students learn how to use their other senses such as hearing and sight (auditory sensation) to aide in their comprehension. | Examples: trouble pronouncing or writing words backwards | | | | | Dyscalculia | Definition: Dyscalculia is a learning disability where one has difficulty with mathematics | | Characteristics & Causes: To date there has been no information on what really causes this disability but think it could be caused due to alcohol exposure or the Fragile X Syndrome. | | Teaching Strategies: Best strategy is to provide one on one support to aide the student in the least restricted learning environment to encourage the student development in math. | Examples: Difficulty with math facts, telling...
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...INTRODUCTION Learning foreign language is not an easy or quick process - this process brings challenges to every teacher, but it is not only challenging for teachers but also for those with Special Educational Needs (SEN). It is up to teachers to accommodate such needs and make sure that students with special educational needs will achieve the best possible results and succeed in learning a Foreign Language (FL). Applying specific strategies, techniques and maximising students’ potential is crucial when it come to teaching a foreign language to dyslexics. In the twenty-first-century we do not have to feel limited when it comes to foreign language learning and teaching students with special educational needs. Technology brings the advantage...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Reading is a way of life. We do reading in our day to day activities, from boarding the bus with the designated signboard to deciphering warning signs in the roads, business letters, and correspondence in the offices schools and even in our own homes. We need reading skills in cooking, reading the labels and instructions and even following directions in using our household gadgets. Reading is a complex process between a reader and a text. (Wedgewood J. 2009). It is simple yet difficult task because it is composed of many interconnected sub-skills that once mastered will make reading flow easily as normal as breathing. As Richard Steele had enunciated, “Reading is to the mind as exercise is to the body.” Another important aspect of Reading is that between the written text and the reader, there should be interaction. This interaction is called comprehension. It is a phase of reading where after decoding the text people react to it. Hence, reading without the concept of understanding is not reading but vocalizing. Putting it simply, reading should have comprehension. Unfortunately, poor comprehension is the prevalent disease of learners today. Thus, the researcher has initiated this action research to show the importance of encouraging the mastery of reading. Make everyone aware of it as an important tool to be incorporated in all subjects. Through this Reading Remedial Program, development of comprehension will be enhanced with activities focusing...
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...Health Promotion among Diverse Populations Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V Melinda Jacob Kimberly Stout July 18, 2014 Hispanics are the largest and fastest growing ethnic minority group and there are estimated to be about 54 million living in the United States (Office of Minority Health & Health Equity,). The Hispanics are a minority group that struggle every day to survive, to provide for their families, to stay healthy and to live quality lives. This paper will discuss the Hispanics current health status, how health promotion is defined by the Hispanics and what health disparities exist for the Hispanics. Lastly, this paper will discuss the three levels of health prevention and their effectiveness given the unique needs of the Hispanics. The Current Health Status of Hispanics How would one define health status? An individual health status could be defined by someone observing another and gathering information about that person and coming to a conclusion on the facts that were gathered. It is much harder to define the health status of a population. One way to define the health status of an entire population would be to consider the health of the population, their lifespan, the extensiveness of preventable diseases or deaths and the availability of health services that can be used as an indication of their health status (National Center for Health Statistics: Health). Some health problems that the Hispanics face today are heart disease, stroke, diabetes, chronic...
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...generally diagnosed at a young age. Every now and then it is challenging to distinguish if someone is autistic. Many children with autistic behaviors do not have as much brain control as a person without autism. The disorder is not rare and more people should be acquainted with the term “Autism.” Researchers have been exploring for the past century to find if Autism has a type of inheritance. Over the years researchers have been working hard to find a specific type of genetic background in order to find the precise genetic nomenclature that contributes to the development of Autism. Even though the solid connection between...
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...Replacement-Based Strategy to Teach and Reinforce Replacement Behavior The implementation of the FCT and DRA begins with a thorough assessment of Lucy’s communication needs through an FBA. This assessment helps determine the most appropriate communication method for Lucy, such as verbal communication, sign language, a picture exchange communication system (PECS), or an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device. A hierarchy of prompting techniques, including physical, verbal, and visual prompts, will guide Lucy in using the chosen communication method. These prompts will gradually fade to encourage independent use. Reinforcement will be immediate and consistent for correct use of the communication method or alternative behavior, utilizing preferred items or activities as rewards. For DRA, we will reinforce behaviors that are appropriate alternatives to the problem behaviors, such as using the new communication method instead of engaging in SIB or aggression. Replacement-Based Strategy to Maintain Replacement Behavior To ensure that Lucy maintains and generalizes her new skills, practice will occur across multiple settings (home, school, and community) and with various individuals. Errorless teaching techniques will be employed to prevent errors and reduce frustration, helping Lucy to experience success early and often, which builds her confidence in using the new skills. Compassionate Approaches In selecting and implementing these strategies, compassionate considerations are central...
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...Running Head: Overcoming Language Barriers in NC Pre-K Classrooms How to Overcome Language Barriers in NC Pre-K Classrooms FCS 711- Research and Inquiry in Family and Consumer Science Dr. Rosa Purcell Meisha Conrad April 28, 2014 Introduction Being a teacher at a Head Start/ Early Head Start program I have experienced the language barriers between teachers and students from different ethnic groups. I can say it is not easy when you and your students cannot communicate. Dealing with the situation makes you question yourself and how you can fix the language barriers in your own classroom and also the school. What can teachers do to overcome the language barrier in our classrooms with our Latino children? What are some activities, lessons, games, and etc., that we can do to make a connection and also help them learn? There are many ways I think we can put a stop to the language barriers in school. We may not be able to completely fix the problem but there are ways and things we can do to make our Latino children and parents feel welcome and comfortable when they walk into the schools. Communication is an important part of teaching because the children have to be able to understand the message that the teacher is trying to convey. Children also have to be able to communicate with each other. There are a number of factors in the classroom and many...
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...Reading and Second Language Learners Research Report May 1999 This report prepared by Magda Costantino, Ph.D. The Evergreen Center for Education Improvement The Evergreen State College Olympia, Washington 98505 With assistance from: Joe St. Charles Susan Tepper Edlamae Baird Acknowledgment to Gary Burris and Lynne Adair For their invaluable assistance with the project This material is available in alternative format by request. Contact Bilingual Education at 360-753-2573, TDD 360-664-3631. The Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction complies with all federal and state rules and regulations and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, age or marital status. Table of Contents (click on page number for access) Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 3 Chapter One Language Acquisition and the Language Learner .......................................................... 7 Section One: How Does First Language Develop? .................................................... 7 Section Two: How Does Second Language Develop? ............................................... 9 Foundational Theories ...............................................................................................
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...popular and common with adults and young alike. Newspapers are veritable tools for promoting literacy through reading, writing and dialogues (among readers and critics), which are the hallmarks of effective and efficient use of language. Newspapers have a built-in capacity to motivate readers. As a result, it is the common practice in most parts of the country to have people congregate around newspapers stands and vendors every morning reading and discussing the contents of the newspapers. Newspapers can thus promote critical thinking, retention of information, problem solving and questioning of information source. This paper is an account of an on-going study regarding the effectiveness and noneffectiveness of English medium newspapers for facilitating literacy empowerment. Given the need to exploit the enormous resources of newspapers, as vehicles for facilitating literacy empowerment among literate communities, this paper suggests steps that can be taken by newspaper publishers, members of the Nigerian education orchestra and the Nigerian polity in appropriating the catalytic role of the newspaper as an instrument for promoting literate communities in Nigeria. Our experience in using newspapers to enhance integrative writing and reading in language arts, social studies, science and mathematics in the formal set-ups in our communities will be shared in the paper. Keywords:...
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...knowledge and respect in every child’s individual learning style. Learning styles include cognitive, effective, and physiological domains. Learners have individual differences; each has inner strength and capacities. Knowing this will help the learners where they would engage themselves to acquire effective learning. Studying plays a vital role in the attainment of the educational goals of the students. Some teachers wonder why some of their students are not making any significant progress in their work. Probably one factor behind this situation is that most teachers failed to help their students to acquire the needed attitude towards the class. Study and application of the students are needed to have a successful learning and effective teaching. The extent of students learning in academics may be determined by the grades a student earns for a period of learning has been done. It is to believe that a grade is a primary indicator of such learning. If a learner earns high grades it is concluded that they may...
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