...errors in peoples recalling was not found even though the same kinds of errors remained. Validity: Methodological issues * Did not ask participants to be as accurate as possible * Didn’t care much about the environment in which the experiment was conducted Define qualitative and quantitative research, then compare and contrast them, strengths and limitations of qualitative research Quantitative: Explaining a phenomenon by collecting quantitative (numerical) data that are analysed using mathematically based methods such as statistics. Qualitative: Instead of testing, measuring, and experimenting, qualitative research aims at understanding the subject of study …the process of understanding a social or human phenomenon, based on methodological research traditions. Researchers aim at generating a complex, holistic view, at analysing and describing the standpoint of the subjects within a natural context. Quantitative; using numbers Qualitative; descriptions Strengths of Qualitative Research * Issues can be examined in detail and in depth. * Interviews are not restricted to specific questions and can be guided/redirected by the researcher in real time. * The research framework and direction can be quickly revised as new information emerges. * The data based on human experience that...
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...Practice Nursing Implications Evidence Based Practice Nursing Implications Evidence based practice has been changing the direction of care and clinical research with regards safety, patient centered, and cost efficient care delivered to patients. The purpose of this paper will show the importance of Evidence Based Research by defining this form of research and the importance of using the research to improve on nursing practice. It will also show research examples of qualitative and quantitative studies and how it would improve patient outcomes and nursing practice within the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Barriers will be discussed that prevent nursing from using and embracing the current research. Finally, the conclusions will summarize the main points of this paper. Importance of Evidence Based Research The importance of evidence based research is, and should, be the driving force on nursing practice to patients. It should go hand in hand with the critical thinking skills that nurses already have and use with regards to care. Evidence Based Research is important because it is an accumulation of information that forms clinical practice. Evidence based research incorporates the patient/family, cost, and safety of care to be delivered. It changes the care from; the way it was always done to the way research proves it should be done, which may still be the way it was always done. The difference is that the now the processes are backed by highly reviewed and researched...
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...Questions Chapter 1 Q1) What is marketing research? Marketing research is gathering and analyzing data to help make marketing decisions. Q2) What is the relationship between the marketing concept and the existence of marketing research? Marketing concept means that the company only introduces what consumers need and want. To know what consumers need and want you should apply marketing research. Q3) What is the importance of marketing research? The importance is to study the change of the external environment and the continuous change of people’s tastes to make better marketing decisions. Q4) What are the 3 roles of marketing research 1) Descriptive role 2) Diagnostic role 3) Predictive role Q5) What is the relationship between marketing research and the marketing environment? Marketing research aims to study the marketing environment to make better marketing decisions rather than using judgments. Q6) What are the types of marketing research? 1) Applied: to better understand the market (Specific) 2) Basic: To expand knowledge (General) Chapter 2 Q7) List the different steps of the market research process? 1) Identifying the problem, objective, and hypothesis 2) Creating the research design 3) Creating the research method 4) Selecting the sampling procedure 5) Collecting data 6) Analyzing the data 7) Writing the report 8) Follow-up Q8) Briefly define each step, what are the major...
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...Qualitative characteristics in accounting disclosures: a desirability trade-off Malcolm Smith Associate Professor of Accounting, School of Economics and Commerce, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia A number of studies in the USA, UK, Australia and Canada have addressed the evaluation of the usefulness of accounting information and sought to identify criteria for assessing the quality and utility of financial reports (e.g. Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (1975), Financial Accounting Standards Board (1980), Institute of Chartered Accountants in Scotland (1988), Accounting Standards Board (1991)). The qualitative characteristics viewed as desirable for the fulfilment of the fundamental objective of communicating decision-useful measurement recognize that all of these characteristics are not simultaneously achievable and that some trade-off is necessary. Examines the nature of this conflict of objectives and attempts to quantify the extent of the conflict for different user groups. Introduction Since the late 1960s research efforts regarding a conceptual framework have been commissioned in response to mounting public and professional pressure with regard to the nature of corporate reporting and deficiencies in the accounting standard setting process. Peasnell[1, p. 254] with respect to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) conceptual framework observes: “it perceives a need to show that its heart and mind are in the right place: to demonstrate...
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...Marketers engage the use of primary and secondary research tools to determine results of current and past information. The information acquired from the results of the inquiries defines the data in two different terms. Marketers dissect the information and categorize it in qualitative or quantitative terms. For marketing it is important to differentiate between primary and secondary research when using qualitative and quantitative approaches to use each one effectively and determine why. Primary Research Part of the marketing strategy implements research to determine results for the final goal. In a perfect world the information would be filed away and broken down in descriptive categories. When no established information has been provided researchers must turn to new collection processes. “When the researcher collects fresh data to meet the needs of research it is primary research. The tools of primary research include surveys, interviews, and observations. This is a direct method of carrying out research and so its tools are entirely different from that of secondary research” (Stewart, 1993, p.67). Primary research collects information from a variety of sources. Marketers use surveys, videos, laboratory testing, organizations records, and observations to gather information and relate it to data. Observations tend to be collected from focus groups, usually from the moderator. The moderator will conduct the group discussions on behalf of the organization and observe...
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...Qualitative Design Assessment : Research Problem (750 words) STUDENT NAME: | STUDENT ID: | PLEASE DO NOT RE-FORMAT THIS TEMPLATE Please note: this assignment is 750 words so only that word count will be marked. The 750 word count includes in-text references but excludes the Reference List. (1) Introduction Care can be defined in terms of who delivers the care or the quality of care. Informal care is provided by the assistance of family and friends, while formal care can be thought of as government programs such as Home and Care Community Packages. For older adults, these kinds of care programs are “provided in the person’s own home, in special living accommodations, or in a mixture of these two” (From, Johansson, & Athlin 2009). People over the age of 65 years are defined as older adults (Ables et al. 1998). And apart from disabilities, older adults generally receive care in the area of instrumental daily activities. Instrumental daily activities include “shopping, meal preparation, housekeeping, laundry, managing finances, taking medications, and using transportation” (Jarvis, 2012, p. 833). Although the quality of care received is subjective, a study by From, Johansson , and Athlin (2009), showed that there is “a considerable amount of research reported on what constitutes good quality in the care of older people in a community setting, from the point of view of caregivers, relatives, and older adults”. Good quality care consists of being able to...
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...Patients' lack of Satisfaction and how it relates to Nurses not interacting with them, and how it affects their Recovery Period. Name: Institution: Abstract The purpose of this research is to determine how patients’ satisfaction and its variation on interaction with nurses and the subsequent alteration of the recovery period following this association. It aims to figure out how nurses, as a variable, affect patient satisfaction. Lack of patient satisfaction is a major issue so it has to be addressed. Several articles and researches have dealt with patient satisfaction. Reasons for patient satisfaction, the lack of it are numerous and interlinking but this research exploit one of those variables pointed out from them. The role of the nurse in the treatment process is of great importance. The research design is a Sequential Explanatory Mixed Method involving both qualitative and quantitative data. The research’s significance cannot be overstated as patience satisfaction is the cardinal aim of the entire health field. Introduction The purpose of this research is to evaluate the importance of nurse-patient interactions and their importance in patient satisfaction and the following recovery period. This research is a simple explanatory mixed study that will both take into account the quantity and quality of relation of patients with nurses. These variables will be measured as variables that affect patient satisfaction and the subsequent recovery period. Patient satisfaction...
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...The Qualitative Report Volume 8 Number 3 September 2003 447-461 http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8-3/mccaslin.pdf The Five-Question Method For Framing A Qualitative Research Study Mark L. McCaslin University of Idaho, Idaho Falls, Idaho, USA Karen Wilson Scott University of Idaho, Idaho Falls, Idaho, USA The Five-Question Method is an approach to framing Qualitative Research, focusing on the methodologies of five of the major traditions in qualitative research: biography, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and case study. Asking Five Questions, novice researchers select a methodology appropriate to the desired perspective on the selected topic. The Method facilitates identifying and writing a Problem Statement. Through taking a future perspective, the researcher discovers the importance and direction of the study and composes a Purpose Statement. The process develops an overarching research question integrating the purpose and the research problem. The role of the researcher and management of assumptions and biases is discussed. The Five-Question Method simplifies the framing process promoting quality in qualitative research design. A course outline is appended. Key words: Qualitative Research, Five-Question Method, Biography Research, Phenomenology Research, Grounded Theory Research, Case Study Research, and Ethnography Research Introduction Planning a qualitative study for the first time tends to be an intimidating venture for graduate students just entering...
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...significance of Research Skills and Academic Integrity for successful study in Higher Education? Academic studies require a vast amount of research. This essay will cover the importance of research skills aspects in academic development, to avoid any misconduct and not be accused of cheating, such as plagiarism and collusion. Scholars studying in higher education must have intellectual honesty also known as academic integrity. This helps pupils on being more ready when operating as an independent thinker and help one develop skills such as referencing, citation and as you absorb information, paraphrase ideas and quote the words of other researcher in the academic environment. Business students require research skills because it provides them opportunity to develop and improve. Examples including their abilities to check significance of developing research skills; find proper date resources for use in business study and practice. Obtaining information from many sources at times is difficult; the data obtained has to be correct and collected from sources which are reliable and valid. When conducting research, information can be collected from different sources such as historic documents, artistic work or even the use of own personal gathered data by investigation or observation. Since data sourcing methods are different we can categories them by where it’s accessed from either by primary or secondary data. According to Booth et al (2008) defines “Primary data as research information...
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...West Reflections Week Four Learning Team E The objectives for week four reflections are: Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative methods of research. Explain commonly used qualitative research designs and quantitative research designs. Select the appropriate type of research design in a given business situation. Team member Mandy discussed that qualitative research is a systematic subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning. This includes focus groups, in-depth interviews, and reviews of documents for types of themes. This most commonly used in Health Care. Quantitative research is a formal, objective, systematic process for obtaining the precise measurement of something. This includes surveys, structural interviews and observation, reviews of records or documents for numeric information. This is commonly used in Education research. If a clothing company sells blue jeans and they want to measure the impact of the company by changing the product from blue jeans to black jeans, this would be a causal research design. Further discussion within the subject by team member Joann consisted of the importance to understand the difference between qualitative and quantitative methods of research. In qualitative method of research is designed to know more about the subject’s feelings. This would be a type of research that could be used in determining how to motivate employees and increase production because it focus on information, such...
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...Write a Research Proposal. Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one’s research is only as a good as one’s proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher. A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study. Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it. The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound. The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project...
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...Business Research Skills Qualitative Research Report Business Research Skills Qualitative Research Report Teresa Cooney B00251777 Teresa Cooney B00251777 Contents Introduction 2 1. Research Design 3 1.1 Qualitative Research Methods 3 1.2 Thematic Analysis 3 2. Findings and Analysis 6 References 8 Appendix 1 9 Appendix 2 13 Introduction This report has been commissioned by the University of the West of Scotland (Paisley campus) for the Business Research Skills course. All the information contained within the report has been collected through various sources, such as; text books, internet sites, case studies and relevant Journals. The aim of this report was to analyse the interview transcript from UWS Business School. The purpose was to evaluate the current trends and future thinking’s of an area of business and operational management. The report contains an analysis and explanation of research design and qualitative research methods. This includes the qualitative research method, Thematic research. It outlines the six phases of the Thematic Analysis process. Following on from this, included is a detailed Thematic analysis of the interview transcript provided by UWS Business School. 1. Research Design The term research design refers to the comprehensive strategy chosen to include different parts of study in a logical manner. This ensures the research problem is efficiently addressed. Research design represents the framework...
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...Name CJA 334 Date Gathering Research Data Paper I am interested in gathering information and learning about officers and their jobs in the criminal justice field. Something specific that I am wondering about is, how many police officers are actually divorced or in the middle of one because of the career path that they have chosen. I have heard in the past, and read, that a higher percentage of divorced individuals were police officers. So, I am curious: do many police officers end up being divorced? And if so, are those divorces due to their particular career choice, or other reasons? The type of interview structure that I would use would be open-ended, leaving anyone I were to interview with the opportunity to feel free to answer as freely and openly as necessary. When interviewing, I would also be organized as far as what questions to ask and what sort of order the questions would be asked. I feel that this sort of structure would create a comfortable setting for the interviewees, as well as a setting that gave off a professional vibe. The questions would be thought out ahead of time, prior to any interview, and if I were to interview more than one person, I would ask the same questions to each individual. Some of the questions I may ask an interviewee would include questions that would allow me to receive information about his or her position in the force, what type of job duties they have, how long they have been a part of law enforcement, what sort of education...
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...pressure to incorporate business ethics in order to fulfill expectations of multiple stakeholders. Moreover, the existing research highlights the importance of ethical and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies and their effects on the organisational outcomes (English, 2008; Koh & Boo, 2004; Peterson, 2003). Therefore, a deeper investigation of the impacts of the ethical considerations on the company`s operation, particularly employment relations, is required. Subsequently, justification of this research is provided by the lack of the research undertaken to create a comprehensive picture regarding the effectiveness of such policies for the existing workplaces. In order to address the research question of “How effective are ethical considerations at building and maintaining employment relations?” this qualitative study seeks to investigate the perceived effects of introducing CSR and ethical policies. Guided by the purpose of this study, this pragmatic management research adopted a case study design with collection of qualitative data through a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews. This methodology was considered as the most appropriate as the aim of this paper was to explore participants` perceptions towards corporate ethical culture (Creswell, 2007). Consequently, the manual open coded method was used to analyse the collected qualitative data. This method allows the researcher to assemble the results into the conceptual categories (Neuman, 2006). Throughout...
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...Quantitative and Qualitative Research Subject Area Academic Level Name Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research In quantitative research, focus is on the quantity, the amount or number of the material in terms of measurements or estimates. There is a need to quantify the data be it attitudes, behaviors, opinions and other variables. The data used for this research is one that can be formulated or presented using patterns. In addition, this data can be manipulated by use of formulae. The results can work as input in usable statistics. Qualitative research, on the other hand, is used in an appreciative or exploratory way. It dwells into problems with the aim of developing trends, ideas or hypothesis for a research question. Quality is used to refer to an attribute or something that cannot be measured like color, texture, reason, opinion, motivation and others (Yilman, 2013). Quantitative data gathering methods are more planned and organized than qualitative data gathering methods due to the nature of the data being handled. If I had to conduct a study, I would select the quantitative. It is easier to gather data for the quantitative research since the majority of the methods used here follow an organized and planned format. Gelo, Braakmann and Benetka (2008) agree that it is easier to present the results from this research by use of statistics and graphs which are easier to be interpreted by other people. If I had to conduct a qualitative study I would select...
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