...Working Models (10m) (a) Authoritative Parenting-2m Parents put maturity demands on youth. Parent use their authority to keep children safe and guide children’s choice. At the same time, also listen to children’s point of view to encourage their input on activity choices within specific bounds. (b) Instrumental Scaffolding-2m Adult give suggestions and cues to youth without teaching directly. When youth worked with an adult, adult often made comments that prompted youth to think about longer-term of the problem. (c) Motivational Scaffolding-2m Adults scaffold youths’ motivation by communicating confidence which lead to a desired ends. Adults can help youth sustain engagement in learning by setting achievable goals. (d) Supporting cycles of Real-World Learning-2m Adult plays a role to support youths’ learning cycle. In adventure program, they may supply provisions for a trip into the wilderness and accompany the youth to ensure their safety. (e) Asset Building-2m Development occurs within the full set of environments, relationships, and interactions that make up a youth’s daily life. Adult can intervene by altering the obstacle course of youths’ daily life. Part B (20m) 1. Socialisation (a) What is Youth Transnational framework?-2m - Transition is the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another. A= Childhood dependence (1 to 17 years old) B= Youth independence and awareness to interdependence (18 to 24 years old) C= ‘Uber’s dependence...
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...special section on children, adolescents, and the Internet, we survey the state of a new field of enquiry in developmental psychology. This field is important because developmentalists need to understand how children and adolescents live in a new, massive, and complex virtual universe, even as they carry on their lives in the real world. We have selected six empirical articles to showcase various aspects of child and adolescent development in this virtual universe. These articles reflect three major themes of this new field: the Internet. Encompassing the broad areas of cognitive and social development, these articles address a number of different specific developmental functions. Yan analyzes the factors influencing the development of an understanding of the Internet in both its technical and social dimensions. Jackson et al. demonstrate the positive impact of home Internet access on the reading achievement of low-income, mostly African American children. In the arena of social development, articles deal with five important foci of adolescent development: identity (Subrahmanyam et al.); self-worth (Whitlock et al.); sexuality (Subrahmanyam et al.; Borzekowski et al.); health behaviors (Borzekowski et al.; Whitlock et al.); and leadership (Cassell et al.). The selection of articles reflects a second editorial goal: to sample both the positive and negative aspects of the virtual world in which children and adolescents are increasingly living. For example, from Whitlock and...
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...Proposal Letters Components of a good letter proposal: Ask for the gift: The letter should begin with a reference to your prior contact with the funder, if any. State why you are writing and how much funding is required from the particular foundation. Describe the need: In a much abbreviated manner, tell the funder why there is a need for this project, piece of equipment, etc. Explain what you will do: Just as you would in a fuller proposal, provi interest. Describe precisely what will take place as a result of the grant. Provide agency data: Help the funder know a bit more about your organization by including your mission statement, brief description of programs offered, number of people served, and staff, volunteer and board data, if appropriate. Include appropriate budget data: Even a letter request may have a budget that is a half page long. Decide if this information should be incorporated into the letter or in a separate attachment. Whichever course you choose, be sure to indicate the total cost of the project. Discuss future funding only if the absence of this information will raise questions. Close: As with the longer proposal, a letter proposal needs a strong concluding statement. Attach any additional information required: The funder may need much of the same information to back up a small request as a large one: board list, a copy of your IRS determination letter, financial documentation, and brief resumes of key staff...
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...Teen Activity Persuasive Essay By: Eduardo Gutierrez Teens in todays society are often at risk of abusing substances, getting into trouble, and causing violent scenes. They also are still trying to discover who they are, what interests them, who to hang around with, and just discover themselves. But an issue people debate about is the actions that teens choose to do. Many teens often hangout in groups at a variety of locations such as houses, parks, the mall, and other places such as a recreational center. Although teens may not see harm in being out and about with friends, adults may think otherwise. Some parents may be worried where there kids are or what they're doing, other parents may just say, "Let them be kids", and others may just completely against kids being out in groups doing whatever they do. A possible solution would be to build a recreational center, but would building a recreational center make a difference to teens in the community? Today teens have factors that can give them a high risk of abusing drugs, alcohol, or even tobacco. These factors are the amount of money they have, stress, and boredom. A recreational center could easily iliminate these factors. There could be snacks and drinks that teens could purchase, the activities could get there mind off of things reducing stress, lastly the activities and people will let teens be more social and give them something to do. Aside from just having activities to do they could also have sports teams...
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...Youth development is an important part of our society the more attention we pay to our children the brighter our future will be. Across America we have problems with bullying, childhood hunger, education, gangs, and violence. Children don’t know how to treat each other they don’t know what it means to be respectful or obedient. I believe if we teach our children discipline, respect, loyalty, how to be brave, being helpful, and being courteous it will overall improved our society. The Boy Scouts of America have been teaching children discipline and respect since 1908 this organization has a lot of history and tradition and it allows boys to be part of something bigger than they are. I believe students will benefit from Service learning with...
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...What Do Adults Think about Young People? by Joel Tolman Perceptions of young people are remarkably negative Most Americans look at today’s teenagers with misgivings and trepidation, viewing them as undisciplined, disrespectful and unfriendly...And people apply these criticisms to children across a broad economic spectrum, to children from disadvantaged backgrounds as well as to children from the middle and affluent classes. These words, taken from a 1997 Public Agenda survey and confirmed by a 1999 follow-up study, are disheartening.1 But while we may experience shock and disappointment when reading the results of these studies, few of us are surprised. These results are part of a larger story about young people — how we view their roles and the expectations we have of them — and are indicative of a larger narrative that casts many young people as less than full citizens. In effect, we, as a society, are telling young people that they lack the capacity to play meaningful roles in our communities. This story — this pattern of low expectations — is endemic rather than epidemic. It exists steadily and lastingly, rather than temporarily. This story is part of our folkways: we can find examples from Renaissance France, a newly independent United States, and last week’s newspaper. We can trace the story back to the psychological theories of Freud, Erickson and others that emphasize the sturm und drang (storm and stress) of adolescence, and to a shifting economy...
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...Alternatives to Incarceration Nicole Kimble Professor White CRJ 180 December 4, 2015 In examining the underlying historical and economic reasons behind the quest for alternatives to incarcerating offenders in jails and prisons, “between 1972 and 2010, the United States prison population increased exponentially from fewer than 200,000 prisoners to more than 1.6 million. Including, jails, the United States now incarcerates approximately 2.3 million people on any given day. By 2012, one in 108 American adults had been incarcerated. During these decades, the contours of American exceptionalism expanded as the United States acquired the distinction of leading incarcerator of the world.” (Eaglin, J pp.1845) I would also like to add that the “Model Penal Code takes an important stride toward fundamental thinking as it refocuses economic sanctions around the goal of successful reintegration into society. There is reason to believe that the broader public and political has not similarly reoriented itself around this framework, despite the apparent shift towards rehabilitative reforms. Neorehabilitaive reforms maintain the dame framework of exclusion that created policies that increased prison populations even though the rhetoric of reform has changed. So to speak, “unless and until the public politicians develop the will to fund a reintegrative system, economic sanctions may be another alternative to incarceration implemented in the wrong way despite the ally’s efforts to the...
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...can be used when working with youth that are transitioning from care to independent living. The programs were used in training sessions over the course of 5 months, with eight one-day training sessions. The training sessions took place in Massachusetts. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Bureau funded the project (Collins, Hill, Miranda, 2003, p. 43). The purpose of the training programs were to train group home workers in assisting foster care youth in the transition from care to independent living. The authors realized that there's very little attention paid to staff in group homes and training programs toward supervisors. "The training program was, therefore, designed with the assumptions that community-based group home staff members are fundamental to the preparation of youth for later independence," (Collins et al, 2008, p. 43). The training was in collaboration with a school of social work and public care welfare agency. The attendants include a total of 186 that were mainly group home supervisors and workers. Also in attendance were staff of Massachusetts Department of Social Services Adolescent Outreach Program (Collins et al, 2008, p. 44). The training sessions intentionally took in consideration the challenges of transition youth from care to independent living. Four main topics were covered during the training sessions; positive youth development, utilizing relational and task models in youth work, the use of transition planning...
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...Building a Youth Recreational Center Comm/215 September 29, 2014 Professor William Morgan Building a Youth Recreational Center The youth in today’s society are often at risk of getting into trouble and causing violent scenes, due to the lack of positive outlets. They are all trying to discover who they are, what interests them, who to hang around with, and just discover life. But an issue people debate about is the actions of the bored and unsupervised children. Kids often hangout in groups at a variety of locations, such as houses, parks, and the mall, while to them it may not seem harmful in being out and about with friends, adults may think otherwise. Some parents may be worried where there kids are or what they're doing, other parents may just say, "let them be kids", and others may just be completely against kids being out in groups doing whatever they do. A possible solution would be to build a recreational center to make a difference for all kids within the community. Today our youth have factors that can give them a high risk of abusing drugs, alcohol, or even tobacco. These factors are the amount of money they have, stress at home and school, and boredom. A recreational center could easily help reduce or eliminate these factors. There could be snacks and drinks that kids could purchase. The activities and people will engage the kids to be more on a more positive setting. Aside from just having social activities to do, there could...
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...together in helping communities get organized, identify problem areas based on community data, make knowledgeable decisions pertaining to how these problems should be addressed, and evaluate any actions taken to counter the problem areas. Each phase of the Communities That Care system fits well into a coordinating phase of the Strategic Prevention Framework process, and it is clear that sustainability and cultural competency as key components to every part of building a prevention infrastructure. This report describes the results of the risk- and protective-factor assessment completed as part of Elkhart County's Communities That Care effort. The Communities That Care system is a way for members of a community to work together to prevent youth problem behaviors, including...
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...Executive Summary Bright Future Youth and Family Services is a private nonprofit organization that serves more than 7,000 children, youth and families each year in Lane County, Oregon. We provide a continuum of services ranging from prevention to treatment for clients ranging in age from two to 24. Our agency also works closely with, and helps shape, the major systems that impact the young people and families in our community and state. You will find us involved in such diverse areas as mental health, juvenile justice, positive youth development, education, and work readiness. The Chambers School and Career Center is one of ten tax-exempt nonprofit programs of Bright Future Youth and Family Services. Our mission is to assist at-risk youth in the Eugene/Springfield area in becoming productive citizens by providing a learning and work environment where they feel challenged, respected, and accountable as they strive to meet the demands of adulthood. We have a staff of approximately 250 employees and also utilize several volunteers each year who play a vital role in the organization. Bright Future prides itself on its diversity of funding sources that make for a fiscally strong organization. Agency revenues come from governmental contracts, charitable gifts, United Way funding, and fees for service. Chambers School is proud to be the premier provider of at-risk youth alternative education and career assistance in Lane County, and seeks to make this experience even more valuable...
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...The development of the self: Implications for organized youth sport programs George Herbert Mead was a noted social psychologist who taught at the University of Chicago in the 1930s. He is famous for his theory of the self in which he used the game of baseball to illustrate the complexity of the relationship between the individual and the social environment. In his theory he explained that the social and conceptual abilities required to fully comprehend relationships between different positions in a complex game were similar to the abilities required in the role taking processes that underlie all social relationships and, ultimately, serve as the basis for all social order in society. My own interests in social psychology and the self has led me to use Mead’s theory to (1) understand the process through which sport participation affects the behavior and development of young people, and (2) describe and set the limits of what can be expected from the children in organized youth sport programs. Interaction, the Self, Role Taking, and Participation in Organized Team Sports Mead states that people or selves, as he chooses to call them, are the products of social interaction. "The self,” he said, “is essentially a social structure, and it arises in social experiences (1934: 140). He also explained that the development of the self occurs as people interact with others and learn to give meaning to their experiences. In the case of youth sport participation this means that...
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...TO ENHANCE THE WOMEN’S ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT: Economic Census of Pakistan – women owned businesses represents only 3% of total enterprises (3.2 million enterprises) in Pakistan. Most of women owned businesses are really small i.e. turnover < 1 million and/or investment < 0.5 millioMost women-headed businesses operate from home Financial matters are handled by male family members Women entrepreneurs are seen in subordinate roles little education, skills, and exposure to business; negligible peer support and business association, low capitalization and poor investment capacity 60% of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan opt for traditional business i.e. beauty parlors, bakeries, boutiques with largest number in garments and handicrafts sectorn. Role of SMEDA for WE Development “The word entrepreneur is derived from the French verb enterprendre that means to undertake”. We can define an entrepreneur as “……One who undertakes a commercial enterprise and who is an organisational creator and innovator” (Gartner.) “Female entrepreneurs are defined as those who use their knowledge and resources to develop or create new business opportunities, who are actively involved in managing their businesses, and own at least 50 per cent of the business and have been in operation for longer than a year” (Moore and Buttner, 1997) International development programs on female entrepreneurship...
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...IRAQ COUNTRY OFFICE JOB DESCRIPTION Community Mobilizer (CM) TEAM/PROGRAMME: Programs Development and Quality GRADE: D – 6 LOCATION: Kirkuk POST TYPE: National Child Safeguarding: Level 3 - the responsibilities of the post may require the post holder to have regular contact with or access to children or young people ROLE PURPOSE: The Community Mobilizer is a member of Save the Children’s International's (SCI) Program Quality Team in the Baghdad and Sulaimanihya Offices. Under the supervision of the Program Coordinator, the Community Mobilizer is responsible for: Promoting the project in communities, recruiting and engaging youth, participating in the selection processes and supporting the trainers to register youth at the start of training sessions. Monitoring and supporting all program activities in the field, conducting regular meetings with youth and trainers to identify issues and proposing solutions to address them. Responsible for coordination all field activities under the Al Salam program in Baghdad/Kirkuk/Diyala (Khanaqeen) while undertaking field visits to hold community meetings, monitor good functioning of youth action groups, community projects, advocacy campaigns, and quality of trainings delivered, as well as maintain regular contacts with community leaders. The Community Mobilizer will ensure that project activities are consistent with Save the Children’s programming principles and approaches, draw on relevant best practices and lessons learned, enable...
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...special focus on young people is a crucial investment not only for today but also for the future. In the Caribbean, youth between the ages 10 and 24 comprise 28% of the overall population. Many of the social challenges in the Caribbean directly affect young people, and young people need to play a stronger role in finding the solutions to addressing these, areas such as HIV and AIDS, migration and youth violence. Youth in the Red Cross add value to the development of humanitarian action at the community level with regard to prevention, education and care of vulnerable groups. They represent a huge untapped resource. Red Cross in the Caribbean is currently undergoing a process of strengthening youth volunteering in the region by developing a better understanding of the emerging roles of young people in Caribbean National Societies and Overseas Branches to help support NSs/OSBs to meet the following Inter-American Objectives and the Framework for Action as it relates to youth: Objective 9: Promote leaders with clear strategic vision, encouraging and leading the internal changes and innovations needed to implement the Global Agenda. Objective 13: Promote active Red Cross youth and initiatives in favour of young people, ensuring effective participation in the institutional life of the National Societies. In their multiple role as contributors- and acknowledging their skills as innovators, inter-cultural ambassadors and peer-to-peer facilitators - young people are educated...
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