...Zinc (Zn) with an atomic number 30 is a chemical element with bluish white colour having lustrous and diamagnetic properties [1]. It has hexagonal crystal structure found in five stable isotopes and is the 24th most abundant element on earth’s crust. The usage of the zinc has a long history and used prominently in ancient world [2-5]. Zinc has an enormous significance; an essential mineral and has vast biological and public health importance [5]. It has been found that zinc deficiency is associated with the progression of many diseases and estimates of two billion peoples are associated with zinc deficiencies in the developing world [7]. Despite this, zinc is not estimated routinely in biochemical laboratories. The deficiency of the zinc is...
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...has been linked to clinical signs of fatty acid deficiency in adults, so the question of treating developmental dyslexia in children with fatty acid supplements has been raised as a possible safe and effective treatment (Taylor KE, 2000). There is a growing trend among holistic practitioners and drug manufacturers alike, to develop and market supplements to treat dyslexia, and as the disorder has such far-reaching consequences in academic success, self-esteem, and social interaction for those who suffer from it, the market is quite receptive to new treatment approaches. (Evans R 1999) Given that development of nutritional dyslexia treatment is a relatively new endeavor in the scientific community, review of current and recent research on the matter is appropriate. Evaluating proposed treatments and commercially-prepared nutritional supplements will be more effective with a background understanding of the issue. Research studies have reported that dyslexic children are deficient in body stores of zinc, and that their sweat contains a far less amount of zinc that non-dyslexic children (Grant ECG 1989). Research also indicates that low maternal zinc levels can predict dyslexia in a fetus, and that maternal zinc supplementation can greatly reduce the occurrence of dyslexia, even when a strong genetic predisposition for dyslexia exists (Ames B 2004). Zinc appears to work with B vitamins...
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...virtually nothing. That happens to be one of the sciences about which man is blissfully ignorant. even though his welfare, existence, health and life itself depend upon it. Importance of Nutritional Knowledge Poor nutrition is a chronic problem linked to poverty, poor nutrition understanding and practices, and deficient sanitation and food security. Malnutrition globally provides many challenges to individuals and societies. Lack of proper nutrition contributes to worse class performance, lower test scores, and eventually less successful students and a less productive and competitive economy. Malnutrition and its consequences are immense contributors to deaths and disabilities worldwide. Promoting good nutrition helps children grow, promotes human development and advances economic growth and eradication of poverty. About Malnutrition Malnutrition refers to insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients. In developed countries, the diseases of malnutrition are most often associated with nutritional imbalances or excessive consumption. In developing countries, malnutrition is more likely to be caused by poor access to a range of nutritious foods or inadequate knowledge Insufficient In general, under-consumption refers to the long-term consumption of insufficient sustenance in relation to the energy that an organism...
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...Can essential fatty acid supplementation play a role in the treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? For submission 22nd April 2006 Dissertation, 3rd Year ION Contents Abstract 3 1.0 Introduction 4 1.1 Prevalence 4 1.2 Diagnosis 4 DSM-IV Checklist for Diagnosing ADHD 6 Figure 1. DSM-IV Checklist for Diagnosing ADHD 6 1.3 Associated Conditions 7 1.4 Prognosis 7 1.5 Aetiology 7 1.5.1 Genetics 8 1.5.2 Environmental Influences 8 1.5.3 Essential Fatty Acids 8 1.5.4 Food Sensitivities 9 1.5.5 Heavy Metal Toxicity 9 1.5.6 Nutrient deficiencies 9 1.5.7 Pregnancy/birth trauma 10 1.5.8 Hypoglycaemia 10 1.5.9 Digestive 10 1.5.10 Thyroid 11 1.6 Clinical Management 11 1.7 Understanding the Role of Essential Fatty Acids 12 1.7.1 What are Essential Fatty Acids? 12 Figure 2. Major Food Sources of Essential Fatty Acids 12 Figure 3. Omega-3 and Omega-6 metabolic pathways 13 1.7.2 Essential Fatty Acids and Brain Function 13 1.7.3 Physical Signs of Fatty Acid Deficiency 14 2.0 Literature Review 15 2.1 DHA Supplementation 15 2.2 Combined DHA, EPA, GLA Supplementation 18 2.3 Combined EPA, DHA, ALA Supplementation 19 2.4 ALA Supplementation 22 2.5 Summary of studies reviewed 23 Figure 4. Summary of Studies Reviewed 23 3.0 Discussion 24 3.1 Future Research 27 4.0 Conclusion 28 5.0 Nutritional Strategy 29 5.1 Benchmarking 29 5.2 Dietary Strategy 29 5.3 Lifestyle Strategy 29 5.4 General Supplement programme...
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...Article Critic on Cognitive Development ECE353: Cognitive Developments of Infants & Young Children Cognitive development is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence, and into adulthood. Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains understanding of his or her world through the interaction of around them, genetic influences, and learned factors often model by a child’s parents and teachers. “Among the areas of cognitive development are information processing, intelligence, reasoning, language development, and memory” (Blumberg, 2004), however historically cognitive development in children has been studied in a variety of ways, and has been explained in several different manners. While most psychologists believe there is a developmental cognitive stage the each explains the stage differently in order to defend their findings and information. Recently I read four different articles relate to cognitive development, and realized that although all psychologists believe this stage to exist, they all understand it differently, and explain it differently as well. While many believe cognitive development is solely representative of one’s surroundings, others believe it can be influenced by one’s genetic making, or situational circumstances. In the first article I read, cognitive development was explained as something highly influenced by a person’s cultural...
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...Zinc Chemistry Term Paper Dr. Joyce Sherpa Mt. Hood Community College By Julianne Sorensen Zinc comes from the German word Zinc or spelter. Zinc is a metallic chemical element. The symbol for Zinc is Zn and its atomic number is 30. There are a variety of zinc compounds that are commonly used, zinc carbonate, zinc gluconate (used as a dietary supplement), zinc chloride (used in deodorants), zinc pyrithione (anti-dandruff shampoos), zinc sulfide (in luminescent paints), and zinc methyl or zinc diethyl in the organic laboratory. (Wikipedia) Zinc is of great importance to public health as an essential mineral. Zinc deficiency’s affect about two billion people worldwide and is associated with many diseases. Zinc deficiencies were first recognized in 1961, when diets with low zinc bioavailability due to high phytic acid content were associated with adolescent nutritional dwarfism. Children are affected the most by Zinc deficiencies and it is estimated Zinc deficiencies contribute to about 800,000 deaths per year. It causes growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, infection susceptibility, and diarrhea. (Wikipedia) The role Zinc plays in growth and development, the immune response, neurological function, and reproduction are very important. Zinc’s function on a cellular level is divided into three sections; catalytic, structural and regulatory. Catalytic Enzymes depend on zinc for their ability to catalyze vital chemical reactions. Zinc plays an important role in...
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...oxygen species, which result in damage to biomolecules (e.g., lipid, protein, amino acids, and DNA). Understanding free radical biology is necessary for designing an optimal nutritional countermeasure against space radiation–induced cytotoxicity. Free radicals (e.g., superoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radicals) and other reactive species (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and hypochlorous acid) are produced in the body, primarily as a result of aerobic metabolism. Antioxidants (e.g., glutathione, arginine, citrulline, taurine, creatine, selenium, zinc, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, and tea polyphenols) and antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidases) exert synergistic actions in scavenging free radicals. There has been growing evidence over the past three decades showing that malnutrition (e.g., dietary deficiencies of protein, selenium, and zinc) or excess of certain nutrients (e.g., iron and vitamin C) gives rise to the oxidation of biomolecules and cell injury. A large body of the literature supports the notion that dietary antioxidants are useful radioprotectors and play an important role in preventing many human diseases (e.g., cancer,...
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...PRESCHOOL CHILDREN NUTRITION CONCERNS A) The average growth rate in children between the ages of 2-5 yrs. of age is 4.5lbs. - 6.5lbs. and 3” - 4” in height 1) With the decreased growth rate leads to a decreased appetite, (Picky Eater) a) Offer a diet with nutrient dense foods: whole grains, fruits & vegetables b) Stay away from foods with high sodium content: processed foods such as lunchmeat, hotdogs and prepackaged snacks 2) Some recommended levels of nutrients c) Carbohydrates – 130 g/day to supply energy for the central nervous system and prevent ketosis - metabolic disorder marked by high levels of ketones in the tissues and body fluids, including blood and urine. With starvation or fasting, there is less sugar than normal in the blood and less glycogen (the storage form of sugar) in the cells of the body, especially the liver cells; fat accumulates in the liver, as do amino acids, from which the liver can produce more glycogen. Ketosis may be present in diabetes mellitus. In diabetic ketoacidosis, characterized by excessive levels of ketones in the blood that lead to a decrease in blood pH, very high blood sugar and severe intravascular and cellular dehydration create a life-threatening disorder that requires immediate treatment d) Protein – 13-19 g/day (ages 1-3), 34-52 g/day (older children) e) Fat – at least 5 g/day of essential fatty acids 3) To help Toddlers & Preschoolers form...
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...Browse Enter your search termsSearch ProQuest daily allowance Search buttonNote: You may want to limit your search before running it. Limit options are available immediately after the Search button, which follows this note. Those options are also available on the results page. Full text Auto-complete suggestions will show below the text field as you type. To select them and get screen reader software to read them out press down arrow key. Modify search Modify searchRecent searches Save search/alert Turn on hit highlighting for speaking browsers by selecting the Enter button Skip related searchesSkip related searches Related searchesclick one of the following links to run a new search on that subject Children & youth Children & youth AND Parents & parenting Children & youth AND Families & family life 96,830 Results Search within Cite Email Print More Skip filter panel to resultsSkip filter panel to results Main content area Select 1-200 Selected itemsBrief viewDetailed view Select result item1dissertations & theses Preview The price of carbon: Allowance price development in the EU ETS Hintermann, Beat. University of Maryland, College Park, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2008. 3359279. ...have lead to the initial allowance price increase. I extend ...upwards, even if they are net allowance buyers. Market data indicates ...purchasing allowances on the market. Thus, the allowance payoff becomes that of Abstract/DetailsPreview - PDF (164 KB)Full text...
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...OPTIMUM NUTRITION IS NEEDED FOR OPTIMUM HEALTH Discuss this statement, drawing on contemporary research to explain the role nutrition plays in an individual’s health. Grade 20/20 High distinction Current tribal cultures; for example the San Bushmen and the Hadaza (Crittendon 2012), practice dietary empirical knowledge ( appendix I) and experience as a way of life. 1960’s medical and anthropological studies (Bond, 2012) concluded the San’s dietary and lifestyle behaviours demonstrated optimal nutrition/health across all generations (Kirchengast, 1998). Optimal nutrition, the most conducive dietary patterns, nutrients and other substances contained within foods, beverages and supplements and their actions and interactions to meets the needs of the human body (Rolfes et al, 2006) The National Health and Medical Research Council NHMRC (2013) advise optimal nutrition and a daily moderate physical activity level (PAL); appendix II, is required for optimal health, the best possible physical and cognitive development of an individual from conception through the lifespan. Optimal health includes an individual’s potential to achieve their full capabilities, a resistance to infection and protection from chronic disease and premature death. Globally, 40 countries including Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) have Dietary Guidelines and Nutrient Reference Values (NRV’s) or similar. ANZ currently retain the 1991 Recommended Daily Intake (RDI’s), “the level of intake of essential nutrients...
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...VEGETARIAN DIET IN CHILDREN Dana-Teodora Anton-Paduraru1, Carmen Oltean2, Laura Mihaela Trandafir1, Amalia Maria Mineata3 1 3-rd Clinic of Pediatrics, ”Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 2 Children’s Emergency Hospital “Sf. Maria”, Iasi 3 Hiperclinica Medlife, Iasi ABSTRACT Vegetarianism may have implications on the growth of children and adolescents. There are different types of vegetarian diets: some may be suitable for children, other deficient in essential nutrients. If a vegetarian diet is done properly and includes fortified foods it can promote health and reduce risk for major chronic diseases. Restriction or exclusion of products of animal nature can lead to low intake of essential nutrients. Keywords: vegetarianism, child Childhood is the period when nutritional habits are acquired, when growth is intense and when deposits of essential nutrients are stored. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, vegetarianism is defined by “the consumption of a diet that contains vegetables, fruits, nuts, cereals and sometimes eggs and dairy products” (1). Vegetarianism may have severe implications on the growth of children and adolescents, therefore it is necessary to assess the nutritional status of vegetarians to insure optimum growth and a good health state and to prevent potential deficits. There are different types of vegetarians (1) – Table 1. Each of these diets has implications on the nutrition and health of children and adolescents...
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...become brittle and susceptible to fracture, with or without trauma). 4Fracture dislocation- a joint becomes dislocated, and one of the bones of the joint has a fracture. 5Greenstick fracture- the bone partly fractures on one side, but does not break completely because the rest of the bone can bend. More common among children, whose bones are softer and more elastic. 6Hairline fracture - a partial fracture/ crack of the bone. Often this type of fracture is harder to detect. 7Impacted fracture- when the bone is fractured, one fragment of bone goes into another. 8Longitudinal or linear fracture- the break is along the length of the bone. 9Oblique fracture- A fracture that is diagonal to a bone's long axis. ¹°Pathological fracture - when an underlying disease or condition has already weakened the bone, resulting in a fracture (bone fracture caused by an underlying disease/condition that weakened the bone). ¹¹Spiral fracture - A fracture where at least one part of the bone has been twisted. ¹²Stress fracture - more common among athletes. A bone breaks because of repeated stresses and strains. ¹³Torus (buckle) fracture - bone deforms but does not crack. More common in children. It is painful but stable. ¹4Transverse fracture - a fracture that break at its right angle to the bone’s long axis. 15Herbert B2-type scaphoid fracture - fracture of the scaphoid bone also known as the carpal navicular, the most common type of bone...
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...1000 live births in 1990 to 63 per 1000 live births in 2010. This average annual rate of decline at 3.1% is considered insufficient to achieve the Millennium Development Goal 4 of reducing under-five mortality to 39 per 1000 live births by 20152. These figures however do not reveal the huge inequities in mortality rates across the country, within States and between them, as well as between children in urban and rural areas3. In India, states such as Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh have higher under-five mortality than the rest of India. On account of the unacceptably high fertility and mortality indicators, these states which constitute 48% of India population, have been designated as the ‘High Focus States’ by the Government of India. This report aims to discuss the three major causes of under-five mortality in these high focus states and suggest interventions to combat the same. Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of under-five mortality among the high focus states accounting for about 15-17% of deaths among children under five4. Maternal factors, nutrient deficiency and environmental hygiene are some of the distal determinants of this leading cause. Some of the proximal determinants are lack of immunization, delay in seeking care, access to healthcare and personal hygiene6. Poor knowledge of proper treatment of diarrhea is one of the major causes contributing to deaths caused by diarrhea. Research...
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...University of Phoenix Material Nutrition and Health Worksheet Use Ch. 1 of Contemporary Nutrition, Ch. 2 of Visualizing Nutrition, supplemental course materials, the University Library, the Internet, or other resources to answer the following questions. Your response to each question should be 75 to 100 words. |What is nutrition? Why is nutrition essential to our daily lives? | |Nutrition is nourishment or aliment, is the supply of materials and food, required by organisms and cells to stay alive. In | |science and human medicine, nutrition is the science or practice of consuming and utilizing foods. Nutrition as it applies to our| |daily lives means that we take in what we need to maintain our body’s healthy state. Nutrition has become an important word. | | | |What is the connection between nutrition and health? | | | |You are what you eat comes to mind. Well that saying is still true. If you stick to a healthy diet full of vitamins and minerals,| |your body reflects it. You feel healthy, energized, and just all-around great. However, people who limit their...
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...disorder causes victims to eat unimaginable things and causes many medical problems in the process. Some doctors believe that this disorder is just complication of the mental psyche, but there is more underlying issues that cause this disorder. Thus, Pica disorder is caused by a combination of biochemical, environmental and psychological factors. Biochemical factors are located in the brain and are chemical or mineral that control our brians health. A patient can have an abundance or a shortage of certain chemical or mineral, which can cause serious problems within the brains processes. Many victims that have pica disorder, have severe iron and zinc deficiency. Therefore patients begin to crave certain item that one would not normally desire such as magnets, light bulbs, nail polish, and much more that contain high amounts of iron and zinc in there make up. They tend to eat an abundance of materials that satisfy what there body is craving. At some point the victims tend to believe that what they are ingesting is helping them so they continue to eat that specific item. They being to develop OCD, know as obsessive compulsive disorder, where they focus extremely on eating one item and become obsessed with injesting that item and eat it throughout the day. They literally become addicted to eating one thing like an addict to a drug. They are always thinking of how they are going to get it and they think about it continously and...
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