...from the Lake Bogoria area of Kenya relate to core-periphery perceptions? Introduction Migration is an important part of human geography, and an interesting topic to study in Kenya where there is, and continues to be a sharp increase in the number of people relocating to its cities. Currently, 40% of Kenya’s population live in urban areas and this figure is expected to triple in the next 40 years (Khazan 2013). Migration has many effects on the rural and urban communities involved, as well as the environment and the rate of development of certain areas. Furthermore, migratory patterns can be useful indicators of the geography of economic opportunities within a country (Potts 2013), therefore I wish to establish exactly why people decide to migrate. My research aims to look beyond the assumptions made about the reasons behind rural-urban migration in Kenya and relate the push and pull factors of migration to the core-periphery concept. I wish to find what the people of Lake Bogoria think about urban and rural areas, and where perceptions of these areas are derived from. It is important to carry out research in this field in order to obtain an idea of future migration patterns in Kenya and the reasons shaping them. A recent article (Khazan 2013) reporting of Kenyan migrants taking their cows with them to the city has sparked an idea that there is perhaps a blend in the boundaries between the urban core and rural periphery. Lake Bogoria lies just north of the Equator in...
Words: 3281 - Pages: 14
...Unit-I Economic Geography Economics: Economics is the social science which studies optimum utilization of scarce resources. It basically studies economic activities, markets, allocation, money, capital, competition, resources, development, growth, welfare, well-being, poverty, deliberate, purposeful, rational, optimal, efficient, and many more. We can also define the economics as "Economics is the study of purposeful human activities in pursuit of satisfying individual or collective wants" "Economics is the study of principles governing the allocation of scarce means among competing ends" Geography: When we think of Geography, we often use the following words or concepts: location, site, place, access, spatial, regional, distance, separation, proximity, speed, mobility, transportation, resources, communication, agglomeration etc. Economic Geography: What are the major factors that explain the recent growth of the Chinese economy and the relative decline of the United States economy? What explains persistent poverty in pockets of global cities such as New York, London and Tokyo, and what prompted the emergence of vast urban slums in Calcutta? What are the impacts of globalization on people’s jobs and livelihoods in different parts of the world? Explaining the causes and consequences of uneven development within and between regions is a central concern for economic geographers. The discipline’s goal has long been to offer multi-faceted explanations for economic...
Words: 2785 - Pages: 12
...MABM217 Аз-наративът в британската и американската литература MARINO MARZIALI - F81122 Thomas Paine, Common sense The ideological weapon for the independence of the USA The years before the American Revolution knew the intensification of the political and cultural debate among the colonies. After the Treaty of Paris of 1763 the relations with England were quite complicated because of the new tax policy and administration of the motherland. The new laws clearly represented a change of direction in the management and especially in the conception of the colonies by the British government. The harsh protests and riots that started overseas showed that the colonists insinuated a doubt about the intentions of England, whose behavior was seen as a direct attack against their freedom. In the atmosphere of the colonial debate there were two main options on the positions to take regarding the facts. Many still supported the need for a reconciliation with England, either for the tradition that it bound the colonies or for the protection of trade and security of the American continent. So the fear and uncertainty to be an independent nation in the future restrained settlers' minds. More and more, on the other hand, were the voices, who courageously invoke the separation from the motherland as the only real alternative for the development and prosperity of the colonies. Therefore, the idea of independence had been circulating in the debates and private conversations, but before January...
Words: 1754 - Pages: 8
...would still become the industrial centre of Canada because only it had commercially viable iron and coal deposits, and only it could control Montreal fuel resources. Why then, did the end of an era dominated by manufacturing lead to an economic stagnation that left a permanent imprint over the course of the century? Over the years, historians and economists alike have deemed a variety of factors as accountable for the general economic backwardness that prevailed. While some of these academic research pose contradictions amongst themselves, the general proposition is that the phenomenon was driven by a mixture of social economic rationalization, political incentives, and geographically inherent conditions. To shed more in-depth light on the analysis of the Maritime experience, a preliminary examination is required on the various proposals of when the downturn started. These different arguments on timing serve as...
Words: 3661 - Pages: 15
...Chapter 1 - Geography Matters: Definitions: * Human geography the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments * Cartography: the body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the form of maps * Map projection: a systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth’s surface * Ethnocentrism: the attitude that a persona’s own race and culture are superior to those of others * Imperialism: the extension of the power of a nation through direct/indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories * Masculinism: the assumption that the world is and should be shaped mainly by men for men * environmental determinism: a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment * globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental political and cultural change * ecumene: the total habitable area of a country. Sine it depends on the prevailing technology, the available ecumene varies over time. Canada’s ecumene is so much less than its total area. * Geodemographic research: investigation using census data and commercial data (i.e. sales data and property records) about populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research ...
Words: 24912 - Pages: 100
...History always requires us to place things in their context and to avoid judging the past through the eyes of the present. But this is not true and it’s actually the opposite looking at the ideological forces that have shaped North (First World) and South (Third World) countries relations for half a century. In this essay one will be looking at the question of to what extend can the process of colonialism be blamed for the problems being experienced by developing countries today? Also matters pertaining to African migration, the spread of Islam, gold and slaves will be included in this essay as they are central to the process of colonialism. Towards the end of the last century, with a long history already behind it European colonization branched out in quite different forms according to the place and the interests of the metropolis. According to Thirlwell (1994:60) it was “a transitional period in which brutal power relations existed alongside paternalist feelings of responsibility towards natives who needed to be civilised” thus, great powers put the then dominant ideas into practice opening up the way to the so called “development” (Thirlwell, 1994). According to Rist (1997:100) “colonialism is a practice of domination, which involves the subjugation of one people to another”. The term colony comes from the Latin word colonus, meaning farmer. Thus, one believes that this root reminds us that the practice of colonialism usually involved the transfer of population to a new...
Words: 2499 - Pages: 10
...ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Y U K O A O YA M A J A M E S T. M U R P H Y SUSAN HANSON KEY CONCEPTS IN key concepts in economic geography The Key Concepts in Human Geography series is intended to provide a set of companion texts for the core fields of the discipline. To date, students and academics have been relatively poorly served with regards to detailed discussions of the key concepts that geographers use to think about and understand the world. Dictionary entries are usually terse and restricted in their depth of explanation. Student textbooks tend to provide broad overviews of particular topics or the philosophy of Human Geography, but rarely provide a detailed overview of particular concepts, their premises, development over time and empirical use. Research monographs most often focus on particular issues and a limited number of concepts at a very advanced level, so do not offer an expansive and accessible overview of the variety of concepts in use within a subdiscipline. The Key Concepts in Human Geography series seeks to fill this gap, providing detailed description and discussion of the concepts that are at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in contemporary Human Geography. Each book consists of an introductory chapter that outlines the major conceptual developments over time along with approximately twenty-five entries on the core concepts that constitute the theoretical toolkit of geographers working within a specific subdiscipline. Each entry provides...
Words: 94626 - Pages: 379
...GLOBALIZATION BACKLASH AND THE RISE OF ANTI-HEGEMONIC PARTY STATES Diego Olstein Hebrew University of Jerusalem Contents Introduction: Globalization and Anti-Hegemonic Party State………………………………..5 Part I: Principle Chapter 1: Defining Anti-Hegemonic Party State………………………………………………….18 Chapter 2: Anti-Hegemonic Party State and Domestic Features of Political Regimes…………………………………………………………………………………………… 44 Chapter 3: Anti-Hegemonic Party State and Exogenous Perspective on Political Regimes……………………………………………………………………………………………75 Part II: History Chapter 4: The Global Rise of Anti-Hegemonic Party States and Globalization Backlash 1917-1945...…………………………………………………………….91 Chapter 5: The Big Leap of Anti-Hegemonic Party States: The Second Wave 1946-1975…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………111 Chapter 6: Globalization Anew and the Marginalization of Anti-Hegemonic Party States 1976-2010………………………………………………………142 Conclusions Introduction: Globalization and Anti-Hegemonic Party State In 1997 the European Commission defined Globalization “as the process by which markets and production in different countries are becoming increasingly interdependent due to the dynamics of trade in goods and services and flows of capital and technology. It is not a new phenomenon but the continuation...
Words: 33126 - Pages: 133
...University of Kassel Governance of the World Market: Institutions, Instruments and Experiences (MCC III) Prof. Christoph Scherrer Winter Semester 2015/2016 The Analytical difference in Conceptualising the Russia-Ukraine Conflict in Realist and Materialist Terms Kofi Adu Frimpong Kholmati Kholik Global Political Economy Global Political Economy 33423968 33420343 kadfrimpong@yahoo.com kkholik@gmail.com 15/03/2016 Abstract The so called Euromaidan revolution – Ukraine’s struggle to move one step further to closer ties with Europe by liberating itself from the Russian orbit, have created the Russia-Ukraine Crisis. It has re-established and heightened the tensions between Russia and West. Realism has been on the fore front of the academic discussion in explaining the crisis as the power competition between Russia and the West. Alternatively, Materialism has provided a different yet deeper analytical perspective on the conflict by attributing it to the broadening of the transnational class capitalism. This paper will seek to explain and scrutinize the analytical differences in conceptualizing this crisis in Realist and Materialist terms. Keywords: Ukraine crisis, Realism, Security, Materialism, Lockean heartland, Contender states Table of Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Theoretical framework 5 2.1 Theoretical underpinnings of the Realist school of thought 5 2.2 Theoretical underpinnings of Materialism: Amsterdam School Approach 7 2...
Words: 9639 - Pages: 39
...Introduction. The polemical debate in understanding why crime occurred in society had invited a cornucopia of theoretical ideas based on ideology, pragmatism, and concomitant paradigmatic shifts. This debate, sometimes vitriolic and vexatious in equal measure, had resonated across the centuries mostly via philosophical thought. In the last two hundred years, however, the debate had become increasingly interwoven and complicated by newly-developed and derivative theories (sometimes polar or diametrically opposed) through the complex entanglement of modern societal development and socio-political thought. Insodoing, unpacking and defining the etiology of crime has proved to be a noteworthy adversary. This essay would seek to examine this unfolding drama of etiological proportions by addressing one of these key modern-day ideological polarities: right realism and left realism. It would critically discuss the relational polarity between these two theories by first examining and then comparing their respective etiologies. Second, it would examine and critique the interplay between ideology and British crime policy. Left Realism (LR): Etiology. “Left realism was explicitly, although not exclusively, concerned with the origins, nature, and impact of crime in the working class” (Lilly, Cullen, & Ball, 2007: p.191). It was a radical criminology and a very British development (Newburn, 2007). It was ‘Left’ as crime was envisaged as endemic owing to the class and patriarchical...
Words: 5201 - Pages: 21
...11. Understanding Development Theory In the Context of Social and Community Change by Michel Adjibodou[1] I. INTRODUCTION If you are fortunate enough to have walked the land and worked with the people of South Central Los Angeles in California, the mountains of Chiapas in Mexico, the plains of Tanga in Tanzania, the hills of Save in Benin, the streets of Hartford, Dorchester and Roxbury, the hills of Funyula in Western Kenya, one common characteristic you probably noticed is the resolve and resilience of those communities. Despite the daily challenges and stresses on their health, income, environment, land, and physical security, the residents are determined to improve their communities and create greater opportunities for their children. Many of us who chose to work in “development”, or who accidently ended up doing this work, must learn how to work in communities which face horrendous challenges. Engaging people in improving their own communities and, perhaps, working on broader issues demands that we develop great skills and knowledge, not to mention a certain attitude, some character, plenty of courage, and listening skills. Most of us simply behave like backpackers on our way to solve the world’s problems and save humanity from itself. Mistakes are made along the way, success stories abound, lives are damaged and rebuilt, hopes restored, and life goes on. Many practitioners working in communities around the world, and people who want to become...
Words: 11505 - Pages: 47
...ANNOTATED SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR HISTORICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN Gerard M Koot History Department University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Allen, Robert C., The British Industrial Revolution in a Global Perspective, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Pp. viii, 331. Allen’s book is an excellent example of the persuasiveness of the new economic history. It is solidly rooted in statistical data and uses sophisticated methods of economic analysis but its analysis is presented in plain English. He argues that the first industrial revolution occurred in northwestern Europe because its high wages during the early modern period encouraged technological innovation. Although high wages were initially a consequence of the demographic disaster of the Black Death, they were reinforced during the early modern period by the economic success of the region around the North Sea, first, in European trade and manufacturing, especially in wresting the textile industry from the Italians, and then in world trade. According to Allen, the first industrial revolution took place in Britain instead of the Low Countries primarily because of Britain’s abundant and cheap coal resources, combined with the central government’s ability to use mercantilist policies and naval power to reap the greatest benefits from an expanding European and world trade. Once it had taken the lead from the Dutch, and defeated the French, Britain used its comparative advantage...
Words: 27796 - Pages: 112
...March 2, 2013 – The Everglades Flood Control and Restoration: A Century of Disaster OUTLINE ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Before drainage of the Everglades began over a century ago, the wetlands of southern Florida were an interconnected hydrological assortment of lavish freshwater lakes and streams, cypress swamps, secluded estuarine lagoons, freshwater sloughs, tree islands, wet prairies, and mangrove swamps spanning 3.6 million hectares. After a century of intrusion, the daunting task of understanding, fixing, maintaining, and regaining a sustainable, natural Everglades-type ecosystem in South Florida is monumental. The area south of Lake Okeechobee now has a human population of over four million people, with greedy agricultural and urban demands for more water and more space. Therefore, several uphill battles have ensued. The conceptual plans for restoring this ecosystem, currently on record, are all extremely expensive to implement. A more thorough definition of the environmental and societal objectives and measures of success are required. How the ecosystem will respond to the return of a more natural hydrological pattern is uncertain, but needs to be addressed as the expected and desired outcome through measures of performance. The critical level of deterioration of the Everglades has created a crisis-management atmosphere instead of a full spectrum response and future prevention methodology. The political and social aspects of the Everglades...
Words: 6476 - Pages: 26
...THE DEMISE OF GREAT ZIMBABWE, ad 1420 – 1550: AN ENVIRONMENTAL RE-APPRAISAL By Innocent Pikirayi The decline of Great Zimbabwe is poorly known due to limited archaeological data and vague historical sources. Environmental data indicates that Great Zimbabwe declined when climatic conditions were favourable, which may have prompted the ruling elite to make decisions that impacted on the immediate surroundings of the settlement and beyond. The shifting character of the Zimbabwe Culture1 since the 12th century was a human response to the vagaries of the savanna environment, as well as the changing patterns of trade in the western Indian Ocean involving eastern Africa and the auriferous Zimbabwean plateau hinterland. It is within this context that the demise of Great Zimbabwe as the urban centre of a powerful political system must be understood. introduction Great Zimbabwe (ad 1270–1550) emerged in the southern plateau regions of Zimbabwe from an Iron Age agricultural community.2 By the 14th century it was at the helm of a political hierarchy controlling territory and a community equivalent to a state.3 Its rulers accumulated considerable wealth and power from the large cattle herds4 they managed and from gold and ivory traded with the east African coast.5 It was the cultural and political successor to Mapungubwe (ad 1220–90), based in the middle Shashe-Limpopo valley. Mapungubwe developed into the political and cultural centre of a community living in the area and founded by...
Words: 8161 - Pages: 33
...Index Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Diversity Amid Globalization-------------------------------------------------------5 The Changing Global Environment----------------------------------------------11 North America---------------------------------------------------------------------------12 Latin America---------------------------------------------------------------------------23 The Caribbean--------------------------------------------------------------------------27 Sub-Saharan Africa-------------------------------------------------------------------31 Southwest Asia and North Africa------------------------------------------------32 Europe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 The Russian Domain-----------------------------------------------------------------39 Central Asia-----------------------------------------------------------------------------42 East Asia---------------------------------------------------------------------------------45 South Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 Southeast Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------50 Australia and Oceania---------------------------------------------------------------57 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------60 Bibliography----------------------------------------------------------------------------61 ...
Words: 16166 - Pages: 65
