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Biology 101 Lab Report

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For Liquid samples:
1. Put the liquid samples on slides.
2. Keep the slides overnight at room temperature or heat at 55-60oC for 1hr.
3. Stain with Erythrocin. (Keep slides inside beaker containing erythrocin for 20-25 mins)
4. Counter stain with Fast green.
5. Observe the slides under microscope.

Erythrocin Stain 210ml Fast Green Stain 100ml
Erythrocin 4g Fast Green 5g
Acetone 20ml Glacial Acetic Acid 50ml
Phenol 10ml Water 50ml
Water 180ml

Observations:
At 1000x magnification, Cells observed with a Pink Head and Purple Lower body are sperms. The sperm cells are significantly smaller than epithelial cells. The tail is however not visible. Chapter 5
Investigation Of Murder Cases
For conviction of a culprit in murder cases, it is necessary …show more content…
Differential DNA Isolation: In differential DNA isolation, the lysis of female epithelial cells is done before that of the male sperm cells. Sperms have a rigid outer cell membrane due to which they can survive unfavourable conditions without being lysed. The Differential DNA isolation is done by incubating the samples with buffers at a higher temperature(55-60oC) for about an hour. This lyses the epithelial cells but sperms remain intact. After the removal of female epithelial cells from the liquid, sperms are lysed by the incubation after addition of DTT (Dithithitol) to the mixture. This lyses the rigid sperm membrane and releases the cells into the liquid.
2. Slides Preparation and Observation: Before DNA isolation, the slides of samples can be prepared and observed for presence of sperms. The female epithelial cells are lysed and the presence of sperms in the liquid is checked by observing under the microscope at 1000x magnification. It is an important step in analysis because only those samples that show presence of sperms are processed …show more content…
Result Interpretation and matching with Suspect profile: Softwares from companies like Applied Biosystems are available for the interpretation of the electropherogram recorded by the genetic analyzer. These softwares can detect and report the presence of various loci present. Profiles obtained , both from the accused and the scene of crime can be compared and results(match/no match) can be established by the softwares. The same software can be used in different modes for both STR and Y-loci STR analysis result interpretation. Chapter 7
Paternity Testing Of Fetus
In some cases, fetuses are obtained from garbage dumping sites and even sewers. These fetuses may be aborted illegally. Paternity testing of such fetuses can help the investigators find the culprits.
Besides, in some cases, the rape victim may not be mentally sound enough to report the occurrence of the event. Also, in rare cases, fetus may be recovered from the womb of murdered persons. All these cases require the paternity testing of the fetus that may give the investigator an invaluable lead in finding the father of the fetus, who, in many instances turns out to

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