...Acupuncture research in Cerebrovascular Accident induced hemiplegia. By Introduction to Cerebrovascular Accident and Hemiplegia Cerebrovascular Accident also known as stroke can broadly be described as an interruption of the blood supply to the brain. Without blood the brain cells are staved of oxygen, and can begin to die within minutes if the blood supply is completely cut off. It is this cellular death which has the greatest influence on the sequelae or after math of the stroke. Hemiplegia is the most common sequelae of stroke, this medical condition characterised by paralyses of one side of the body. It is similar to, but should not be confused with hemiparesis which is when one side of the body is weak but still mobile. While the leading cause of hemiplegia is a Cerebrovascular Accident, it is not the only cause, other neural conditions such as a unilateral pyramidal (UMN) lesion may also cause hemiplegia. It is difficult to discuss Hemiplegia without also discussing Stroke, similar to cause and effect, if stroke is the cause then hemiplegia is effect. A sudden stroke can be deadly, and how well someone recovers or if they recover depends largely on how fast they receive treatment. In Australia the most popular method for identifying stroke is the FAST test: * Face – Check their face. Has their mouth dropped? * Arms – Can they lift both arms? * Speech – Is their speech slurred? Do they understand you? * Time – Time is critical. If you see any of these...
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...Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. Research advances have enabled detailed understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the hallmarks of the disease-ie, plaques, composed of amyloid β (Aβ), and tangles, composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. However, as our knowledge increases so does our appreciation for the pathogenic complexity of the disorder. Familial Alzheimer's disease is a very rare autosomal dominant disease with early onset, caused by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein and presenilin genes, both linked to Aβ metabolism. By contrast with familial disease, sporadic Alzheimer's disease is very common with more than 15 million people affected worldwide. The cause of the sporadic form of the disease is unknown, probably because the disease is heterogeneous, caused by ageing in concert with a complex interaction of both genetic and environmental risk factors. This seminar reviews the key aspects of the disease, including epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as recent developments and controversies. 100 years ago, Alois Alzheimer gave a lecture at a congress in Tubingen, Germany, on the first case of the disease that Kraepelin some years later named Alzheimer's disease.1 In this single case. Alzheimer described typical clinical characteristics with memory disturbances and instrumental signs, and the neuropathological picture with miliary bodies (plaques) and dense bundles of fibrils (tangles), which we today...
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...Neuropsychological deficits, syndromes, and cognitive competency in schizophrenia, Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 10(5) 361-378. Http//: moe.highline.edu:2065/ehost/ Dr. Catherine A. Mateer is a professor at the University of British Columbia where her areas of clinical and research interest include cognitive rehabilitation; brain organization for attention, language, memory and praxis. She also has clinical research studies related to traumatic brain injury, dementia, and cerebrovascular disease among others. Dr. Richard Williams is a Director of schizophrenia services at the Royal Jubilee Hospital in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. He is also a clinical professor in the Dept. of Psychiatry at the University of British Columbia in Victoria, BC, Canada. He has also written over 40 published articles on research associated with schizophrenia and the effectiveness, epidemiology, pharmacology and movement disorders of this illness. Dr. Todd S. Woodward is a professor at the University of British Columbia who has conducted research on the brain system. His expertise is in cognitive neuropsychiatry, cognitive psychology and functional neuroimaging. He is also affiliated with the B.C. Mental Health and Addiction Research Institue. As for Karin M. Christensen I was not able to find any information linking her as a doctor or professor in this area but she is co- published on several articles when I researched her further. This article was written with the psychiatry community...
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...The Alaskan Native and Health Promotion The Alaskan Native and Health Promotion In the United States in 2013 there were 11.2 million American Indians and Alaska Natives nation wide representing approx. 2% of the population. The state with the highest population percentage of natives was Alaska, with 134,361 accounting for 14.3% of the population (United States Census Bureau. 2013). It is this group that is going to be focused on now in this paper because of the unique issues and barriers that are found in attempting health promotion within this minority. Many different problems arise when attempting change in the region ranging from education levels, large cultural differences, geological isolation, and substance abuse. There is a strong and deep-seated lack of trust towards anyone who is not from the area because of past mistakes and abuses. In 1950 46% of all Alaskan native deaths were because of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases which were brought in by outsiders (Alaska Native Health Status Report. 2009). The medical profession to this day is still regarded as a possible threat instead of an asset especially by the older population. What level of health promotion prevention will work best to facilitate the changes needed in Alaskan Native health? The current health status of Alaska natives is well below the national average in a multitude of ways. It has improved markedly in the past couple of decades but still needs considerable attention. The Alaskan Native...
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...Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. The results were consistent with the Million Women Study in the UK: the rate ratio for mortality was more than doubled for smokers compared to nonsmokers both for men (2.21, CI 1.97-2.48) and for women (2.61, CI 1.98-3.44). The investigators also reported that stopping smoking before age 35 eliminated almost all of the risk associated with smoking. Smoke-free legislation meta-analysis– Smoking is not just a personal decision that has individual health effects. A new meta-analysis published in Circulation found that smoke-free legislation results in immediate reductions in hospital admissions or deaths for coronary events (RR .848, CI .816-.881), other heart disease (RR .610, CI .440-.847), cerebrovascular accidents (RR .840, CI .753-.936) and respiratory disease (RR .760, CI .682-.846). The authors, Crystal Tan and Stanton Glatz, also report that the biggest reductions in events were associated with the most stringent smoke-free laws. Smoke-free legislation in Minnesota– Here’s one more study to lend support to the above...
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...dallas community assessment and analysis Community Assessment and Analysis of Dallas Pennsylvania Community Assessment and Analysis of Dallas Pennsylvania The purpose of a community health assessment and analysis is to identify a community’s assets and issues in regards to its environment, social structure and population (Dreher, Shapiro, & Asselin, 2006). The community assessment utilizes objective data such as vital statistics and demographic data, but also encompasses subjective data that is obtained through a windshield survey and through the conduction of focus groups of community residents. Analysis of this comprehensive data, enables advanced practice nurses to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a community and design interventions to either enhance or help the community. For this community assessment, the Borough of Dallas, Pennsylvania was investigated using the community-as-a-partner approach. History Dallas is a borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. Dallas was created by a charter granted April 21, 1879 from the land entirely within Dallas Township. The township had been formed in 1817 and was named for Alexander J. Dallas, who was the sixth United States Secretary of the Treasury (Epodunk, 2011). The local government describes the borough as the “heart” of the Back Mountain being that is it surrounded by other townships and boroughs. The Back Mountain is, a census-designated place consisting of Dallas...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction Disorders related to hypertension are one of the most common medical complications during the pregnancy. It is also an important cause of maternal and preinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide (Baha, 1996). The term hypertension in pregnancy describes a broad spectrum of medical conditions, for which the pressure in the blood vessels varies widely. According to studies conducted by WHO (2004), hypertension causes complications in 5 to 7% pregnancies in the United Kingdom. The risks associated with hypertension are high for pregnant women and they are higher risk for complications such as organ failure, cerebrovascular accident, abruptio placentae and disseminated intravascular coagulation (Mark, 1998). Also hypertension creates complications for the featus and it is at the risk or intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity and intrauterine death. Hypertension is also a major cause of maternal, fetal and neo natal morbidity and mortality, not only in developing but in developed countries also,(Pesola (2001). The rate of eclampsia in the UK have fallen recently, hypertension during the pregnancy remains one of the main causes of maternal death. According to a study conducted by NICE one third of maternal morbidity was caused as a result of hypertensive conditions. Hypertensive disorders also carry a risk for the baby. In the most recent UK perinatal mortality report, 1 in 20 (5%) stillbirths in infants without congenital abnormality occurred...
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...Research Study Analysis PSY 325: Statistics for the Behavioral & Social Sciences October 1, 2012 Research Study Analysis Researchers gather data in order to conduct studies that assist in the behavioral and social sciences. The analysis of this data can determine tendencies among populations, the best course of treatment for common social diseases, such as drug or alcohol addiction, or the reasons behind behavior among certain populations. Introduction A number of studies have been conducted in order to provide members of the medical and psychological community with information to determine the best course of treatment for patients with alcohol addiction. These studies take into account other factors, such as personality disorders, chronic diseases, and also address the use of medication and psychological treatment. The first study entitled, Personality Disorders Among Alcoholic Outpatients: Prevalence and Course in Treatment, attempts to determine the prevalence of personality disorders among men and women seeking outpatient treatment for alcoholism. The hypothesis is that if there is a personality disorder present, it should help determine the type of treatment an alcoholic receives. The treatment chosen should be tailored to the patient’s comorbid personality disorder, or lack thereof. The second study entitled, Chronic disease and recent addiction treatment utilization among alcohol and drug dependent adults, “the objective of this paper is to...
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...Alcohol use in elderly Alcohol is part of our culture- it helps us celebrate and socialize and it enhances our religious ceremonies. In one word is social drug and in other word is depressant drug. Depressant drug because it slows down the messages travelling between the brain and the body. How does alcohol affect older adults? * When adults age 65 and older drink the same amount of alcohol as younger people, their blood alcohol levels are typically 30 to 40 per cent higher. The higher blood alcohol concentration results from an age-related decrease in the amount of body water in which to dilute the alcohol. Therefore, although they can metabolize and eliminate alcohol as efficiently as younger persons, the elderly are at increased risk for intoxication and adverse effects. * One reason for this is that older bodies tend to have less alcohol dehydrogenase available. This is the enzyme in the stomach that starts to break down alcohol before it reaches the bloodstream. * Women in general have less body water than men. * A higher blood alcohol level is associated with a higher risk of intoxication, cognitive difficulties and problems with balance and co-ordination. * Older adults’ sensitivity to alcohol may also be heightened by medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension or dementia or by medications. Signs of alcohol problems in older adults * Focusing on how much alcohol an older person is consuming is not overly helpful in determining if a problem...
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...Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside arteries, limiting or stopping the flow of blood to the organs tissues. The purpose of this paper is to relate the underlining cellular events of atherosclerosis to its pathology and treatment. In this paper I will discuss the causes that influence the events and advancement of atherosclerosis. I will review the risk factors, pathogenesis, signs & symptoms, dietary implications and drug treatments. Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is a progressive process that leads to the hardening and thickening of arteries. This is caused by plaque build-up due to the accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages (McCance& Huether. 2010). The formation of plaque deposits can slow down or block the flow of blood to other parts of the body, depriving the organs of oxygen. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process that affects the body’s whole vascular system leading to many coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases Etiology: There are many theories pertaining to the etiology but, studies are still unclear about the direct cause of atherosclerosis (Mallika, Goswami, & Rajappa, 2007). Risk factors There are many risk factors that lead to the progression of atherosclerosis. The risk factors all led to an excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood which can lead to plaque build-up ( Mallika, Goswami & Rajappa, 2007). Here are some atherosclerosis risk factors, increased age, obesity, genetics, Hyperlipidemia; which is high...
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...INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT THE ELDERLY POPULATION Niagara College NURS 1270 Amanda Sorrell The Elderly Population How old do you want to live? This is a good question considering that according to research done by Christiansen et. al. (2009), there has been a gain of about 30 years of life expectancy on average, in developed countries globally over the span of the 20th century and Canada is no exception. This increase in life expectancy is primarily due to improvements in health care; an understanding of how disease is transmitted and can be prevented, and a better understanding of the body and how to keep it healthy (Christiansen, et. al., 2009). However, it would seem this extra lease on life comes with some extra concerns as seen in the current overall health of the elderly population which is the vulnerable group I have chosen for this assignment. This is also the group I am working with during my clinical placement this term, which is another reason I have chosen it for this paper. The members within the elderly population, in part due to extended years of life, are a group that is at risk for diminished well-being and compromised health due to changes in the aging process both physically and mentally. Nutrition, mobility and personal safety also become issues in health maintenance as we age, as is the issue of poverty that affect our elderly who are living well past the age of retirement in Canada. When our elderly population are not able to maintain...
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...The objective of this paper is to understand how the World Health Organisation (WHO) and other agencies help to address the main health issues that are specific to my chosen country. This paper will be focus on the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) on the health issues that the country is facing and also other issues related to their health, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) also known as Kinshasa Zaire is located in Central Africa. The reason I chose to discuss about Democratic Republic of Congo it’s because there a lot going in the country which everyone sees in the news and everywhere on TV, the country is facing lots of health issues, conflicts/wars which have leaded to death, it may not be the whole RDC but the majority of the country...
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...71197421 progeria-hutchison-gilford syndrome 3 Pages, 5 Sources, APA Style Preferred language style: English (U.S.); This topic is based on a topic of biotechnology, I have chosen progeria-hutchison-gilford syndrome. This paper needs to include an intro, body, conclusion, description of topic, demonstration of understanding, relation to health/nursing, accuracy and evidence of research. Progeria Hutchinson Gilford Syndrome (HGP syndrome) is a genetic condition that is fatal and is characterized by the child developing features of premature ageing. It tends to affect the musculoskeletal system, skin and the blood vessels. The disorder was reported separately by two different persons namely Hutchinson and Gilford in the late part of the 19th century. Till today about 100 cases of the disorder have been reported. About one in every 8 million births may develop this disorder. Many cases may go unrecognized, undiagnosed, or associated with stillborn children. The mortality rate of the condition is high due to heart and vascular disorders. A Child affected with the disorder may live for about 10 to 12 years. The condition more often affects males compared to females in the ratio of 5: 1. During the infancy stage, the child may appear to be normal, but after the age of 9 months to 24 months, the child begins to experience features of growth delays, stunted growth, short stature and the failure to put on body weight. The exact mechanism by which the disorder develops...
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... Hospital Readmissions Charmein Garner and Celeste Thomas Loyola University New Orleans Outcomes Management Project Defined Issue or Problem of Interest The selected problem of interest is hospital readmissions after being discharged from hospitals/medical facilities. Several patients enter the hospital and soon after discharge are catapulted back into the seemingly revolving doors of the hospital. Readmission rates affect all areas of healthcare. Center for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) has targeted readmissions as a guideline of poor quality of care. Engaging patients during their inpatient admission as they transition to alternate levels of care may reduce readmission by 50% (Service, 2008). The intent of this proposed paper is to take a look at hospital readmissions rates in correlation with the patient being elderly and having a diagnosis of heart failure and assess what can be done to positively change these statistics, which increase the quality of care we as healthcare professionals provide to our patients. A Rationale for Selecting the Issue or Problem of Interest Hospital readmissions can occur throughout the patient’s transition through the healthcare system. Many times readmissions occur among those who are frail and have chronic conditions. Readmissions account for approximate 18% of Medicare patients, of this 13%, are suspected to be avoidable and are directly linked to poor quality. Quality is affecting outcomes, which impacts reimbursements...
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... IV. TYPES OF SECONDHAND SMOKE……………………………………………….. A. Mainstream Smoke………………………………………………………………… B. Sidestream Smoke…………………………………………………………………. C. Thirdhand Smoke………………………………………………………………….. V. EFFECTS OF SECONDHAND SMOKE……………………………………………. A. Cancers…………………………………………………………………………… 1. LungCancer………………………………………………………………….. 2. Breast Cancer ……………………………………………………………….. B. Effects in Cardiovascular System………………………………………………… 1. Coronary Heart Disease……………………………………………………… 2. Stroke…………………………………………………………………………. 3. Other Heart Disease………………………………………………………….. C. Effects in Respiratory System…………………………………………………….. 1. Asthma………………………………………………………………………... 2. Irritation of Respiratory Tract………………………………………………… D. Effects in Neurological System……………………………………………………. 1. Dementia………………………………………………………………………. E. Effects During Pregnancy…………………………………………………………. F. Effects to Children…………………………………………………………………. 1. Respiratory Health…………………………………………………………….. 2. Middle Ear Disease……………………………………………………………. 3. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)………………………………………… VI. PREVENTING THE DANGERS OF SECONDHAND SMOKE……………………………. A. Use of Electronic Cigarette……………………………………………………………….. B. Production of Smoking Cessation Aids………………………………………………….. C. Total Smoking...
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