1. Introduction:
The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21 or CMP 11 was held in Paris, France, from 30 November to 12 December 2015. It was the 21st yearly session of the Conference of the Parties to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 11th session of the Meeting of the Parties to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.
The conference reached its objective, to for the first time achieve a global agreement on reduction of greenhouse emission in the Paris Agreement, which was adopted with acclamation by nearly all states. The agreement will become legally binding if at least 55 countries that represent at least 55 percent of global greenhouse emissions become a party to it through signature followed by ratification, acceptance, approval or through accession in New York between 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017. It is expected to take effect in 2020. According to the organizing committee, the expected key result was to limit the global warming, by 2100, compared to pre-industrial to below 2 degrees Celsius.
The goal to limit temperature increase with 2 degrees was however supplemented in the adopted version of the Paris Agreement, with the statement that parties "pursue to" limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. A 1.5°C goal will require a zero level in emissions sometimes between 2030 and 2050 according to some scientists. However, no detailed time plan or country-specific goals for emissions were stated in the final version of the Paris Agreement - as opposed to the previous Kyoto protocol. A zero level should be reached during the second half of the century according to the agreement.
In this context, this paper basically tries to find out the major issues of the conference. The paper starts with the introduction in section 1 followed by background of the conference in section 2. A brief discussion of