...Scholars Derrick Bell and Alan Freeman, have been largely credited as being the originators of critical race theory (CRT) which seeks to analyse, deconstruct and transform societies understanding of the relationships among race, racism and official power (Delgado & Stefancic, 2001). The theory originated out of legal scholarship in the 1970s after the failure of Critical Legal Studies (CLS), to focus sufficiently on racial issues in America (Litowitz, 2009), where a number of lawyers, activists and scholars viewed civil rights as being stalled and negated, thus providing a critical analysis lens of race and racism from a legal point of view based on race and racism in America (Delgado & Stefancic, 2001). Critical race theorists and practitioners identified six tenets in the framework being; (1) Endemic racism, views racism is an ordinary everyday occurrence for people of colour through structural functions in society; (2) Race as a social construction; (3) Differential racialisation, meaning...
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...Auteuring Nollywood: Critical Perspective on The Figurine, edited by Adeshina Afolayan. Ibadan: University Press PLC, 2014. xxii + 457 pp. (Paperback) ISBN-13: 978 978087. This book holds within its covers a collection of intensely engaging essays of an interdisciplinary character, on developments in the Nigerian film industry today. It is a significant and valuable contribution to the growing body of literature devoted to the discourse on Nollywood for several reasons. One of these is that for the very first time we have an assemblage of articles offering varied critical approaches to the reading of a single film text, which makes it not only refreshing but also unique. Using Kunle Afolayan’s The Figurine, it engages the concept of neo-Nollywood...
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...Difference is not a Hindrance People vary from places. People differ by culture and beliefs. People are diverse from one another. No two people are exactly the same. Therefore, diversity is taking place. In this world, it is obvious that we are composed of various races, cultures, traditions, customs, beliefs, and even language. Every country has its own uniqueness which makes it different from other countries. And so are people. Having the opportunity to meet and be acquainted with the Taiwanese scholars who visited our university was such a privilege for us. Diversity did not become an issue to communicate with them. Yes, we came from different countries. Yes, we have different point of views. We have differences in our way of living. But those did not become a hindrance for us to grab the opportunity of sharing with them what we have, what we know, and what we are. Spending a short while with them was considerable to be such a pleasure and honor. A moment we will never forget. Yuyun Shih or Helen as her English name was a 22 year old graduate of BS Biology in her college in Taiwan. We shared with her some of our Filipino culture which somewhat surprised her for she told us that it was far different from theirs. We talked about one of the topics given to them and we had chosen to share and discuss something about success. We told her that in the Philippines, for ordinary people just like us, success is not about money. Success for us is simply being grateful for what...
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...GET THAT MONEY HONEY! TOP 101 SCHOLARSHIPS AND INTERNSHIPS FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS AND OTHER MINORITY STUDENTS (More Than $50 Million Dollars in Financial Aid Available!) Published by Urban Ebooks/ Dante Lee Publishing www.urbanebooks.com This ebook is the personal copy of Corketa Martin (CorkeLou@aol.com) SCHOLARSHIPS WITH JANUARY DEADLINES #1 - Ron Brown Scholar Program for African Americans: The Ron Brown Scholar Program provides scholarship awards to African-American high school seniors who are excelling in their academics, exhibiting exceptional leadership potential, and actively serving in community service activities. For more details, visit www.ronbrown.org #2 - Gates Millennium Scholars Program For Minority Students: The Gates Millennium Scholars Program (also known as the Bill Gates Scholarship) awards scholarships each year to African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian Pacific Islander American or Hispanic American students who plan to enroll full-time in a two-year or four-year college or university program. For more details, visit www.gmsp.org Copyright © 2016 All Rights Reserved. This ebook is the personal copy of Corketa Martin (CorkeLou@aol.com) #3 - Tom Joyner Foundation "Full Ride" Scholarship: The Tom Joyner Foundation "Full Ride" Scholarship awards a full scholarship to one student to attend a Historically Black College and University (HBCU). The scholarship is open to graduating high school seniors with high academic records...
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...prod collective memory in some conspicuous way. French sociologist Maurice Halbwachs ushered in the modern academic study of collective memory with his book The Social Frameworks of Memory (1925) in which he argued that all memory – even personal memory – is a social process, shaped by the various groups (family, religious, geographical, etc.) to which individuals belong. In an even more influential posthumous essay, “Historical Memory and Collective Memory” (1950), published after his death in a Nazi concentration camp, Halbwachs insisted on a distinction between history and collective memory: history aims for a universal, objective truth severed from the psychology of social groups while “every collective memory requires the support of a group delimited in space and time.” Thus our view of the past does not come primarily from professional historical scholarship but from a much more complicated and interwoven set of relationships to mass media, tourist sites, family tradition, and the spaces of our upbringing with all their regional, ethnic, and class diversity – to name just a few factors. Just as personal memory is now understood to be a highly selective, adaptive process of reconstructing the past, shaped by present needs and contexts, so collective memory is a product of social groups and their ever evolving character and interests. Hence the now commonplace notion that collective memory is “constructed,”...
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... thus they grow to have a distaste of Islam as a religion and disregard the significant breakthroughs the Islamic world has made. By many, the Golden Age of Islam is underrated without solid reasoning. Many breakthroughs in Mathematics, Medicine and Geography were made during the Golden Age. The essay will now discuss the most significant building of the Golden Age, The House of Wisdom (bayt al-hikmah). Possibly the most academically rich library in the entire world. It was a structure that was erected at the time of the Golden Age. It was open to all scholars of different religions and/or languages meaning that Islam was open to different religion’s opinions of its own. It was a meeting point where various scholars gathered up their known knowledge and translated it to Arabic. They also built on their known knowledge....
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...The Constitution of Medina – Islamic Constantinople HIS201 – Middle Eastern History Sama Ibrahim Ayyoub 999028699 October 17th, 2013 In contemporary society, Islam is often depicted as a religion, which lacks in democratic values. Contrary to this popular belief, the importance of human rights in the religion is charted in “The Constitution of Medina.” Furthermore, its body of precedents proves the respect and humanity the Prophet Muhammad showed towards his Non-Muslim equals in early Arabia. This essay will aim to argue that the document titled “The constitution of Medina” is an Islamic attempt at a cosmopolitan multicultural state, which acknowledges the rights of all individuals. For the purpose of organization and analysis, this essay will first attempt to acquire knowledge on the socio-political environment Pre-Islamic Medina. Secondly, the relationship between the early Jewish community and Muslims will be examined, followed by a commentary on the Prophet Muhammad’s accomplishments in the state of Medina. In result, this will prove the democratic influence this constitution had not only on Islamic history but the Middle East as a whole. In order to grasp a clear understanding of the topic, it is most appropriate to begin by inquiring on the socio-political environment Pre-Islamic Medina which is important to understand as it had a historical influence on the constitution. Specifically speaking, the civil wars...
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...Social-Rhetorical Interpretation from its Beginnings to the Present”. (Robbins, 1999) In his paper, he states, “social–rhetorical interpretation began with analysis and interpretation of social and cultural dynamics in written works”. Robbins pointed out several essay and books that were written by him and other authors. These works described social-rhetorical interpretations that were used to show how the multi-textural approach brings insights of various modes of interpretation into practices. In viewing this from a global perspective, in 2001 at a conference hosted in South Africa. Ted Hiebert, professor of Old Testament at McComick Seminary, presented an interpretation of Genesis 11(“ The Tower of Babel”) that affirms God’s will for cultural diversity on the earth. However, several of the South African scholars attending the conference interpreted the scripture different than the professor. The derive factor was they believed that Genesis teaches that God does not want different cultural and linguistic groups to live together. Although there were two interpretations of this scripture, there were many similarities in the overall interpretation of the scripture. Hiebert concluded that interpreter’s cultural context (American concern for diversity; South African concern for unity) is crucial in making interpretive judgment. Should global leaders have a “social knowledge” of a region or culture before leading...
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...Review of Religions of Atlanta – Religious Diversity in the Centennial Olympic City This nonfiction book was edited by Gary Laderman, a professor of theology at Emory University. Each chapter is written by a different author or authors. The book was published in 1996 by Scholars Press in Atlanta, Georgia. The book is a composition of essays by various authors on the history, growth and impact of the selected religions present in the city of Atlanta at the time of publication in 1996. The introduction to the book was written by the editor, Gary Laderman, and includes a well written and interesting historical perspective on the origins of the city of Atlanta and the initial growth of a few of the religions present in the population from the beginning. Laderman also touches briefly on the history of African Americans and the civil rights movement in the area and mentions more than once that Atlanta was known over the early years as the “the city too busy to hate”. (Laderman 1996). He feels that this general attitude is what helped develop the face of the religious communities of Atlanta today. Laderman then introduces the twenty one essays which follow in the book as providing a broad and diverse perspective on some, not all, of the religious communities that make up Atlanta and the area around Atlanta. He states that “Instead of providing readers with authoritative account of each community, the contributors explore some of the concerns, commitments, and motivations...
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...regulate consumption according to the urgency of need” (Ebrey, Chinese Civilization 63). As each side lists either the benefit or the shortcomings, it is clear that the learnt men and the minister hold completely different perspectives with learnt men oppose effective government regulation whereas the officer supports. As the record of this debate contains twenty-four chapters and the first chapter included in Chinese Civilization contains four pages (Ebrey 60), it is reasonably to infer that not only there is disagreement, but also that level of dissention was intense. On the other side, in the Discourse on Salt and Iron (Ebrey 60-63) reveals the opposition to governmental monopolies in salt and iron and almost all government intervention. Scholars or “the learned men” believes that “These matters [economy and commerce] should not...
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...COMPARATIVE LITERATURE: SHARING KNOWLEDGES FOR PRESERVING CULTURAL DIVERSITY – Vol. II - The Impact Of Media On Literature - William Egginton and Bernadette Wegenstein THE IMPACT OF MEDIA ON LITERATURE William Egginton and Bernadette Wegenstein The Johns Hopkins University Keywords: media, media studies, media theory, history of media, new media, comparative literature Contents U SA NE M SC PL O E – C EO H AP LS TE S R S 1. Introduction 2. Current Media Theory and Media Studies 2.1. Origins of Discipline 2.2. New Media Theory 3. Historical Examples 3.1. Oral Transmission 3.2. Pictography 3.3. The Andean Khipu 3.4. Manuscript 3.5. Print 3.6. Theater 3.7. Photography 3.8. Moving Image 3.9. Radio and Television 3.10. The Digital 4. Conclusion Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary The growing consensus among literary scholars is that the meaning of literature cannot be properly studied or understood outside of the specific medium of its transmission and archival. This realization can be considered a revolution in literary studies, and its fundamental ramification is the confluence of literary studies and theory with media studies and theory. The fields of media studies and media theory are dedicated to the analysis and understanding of the myriad media through which information is communicated. Under the influence of these fields, the media through which literature is communicated is no longer considered...
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...his life (Clark and Holquist 261). After his surgery, Bakhtin was unable to find formal employment, though he was invited on occasions to deliver lectures at the Gorky Institute of World Literature. He also used his free time to finish a book on the German novel of education and to work on a number of essays on the dialogic nature of the novel, most of which were based on material culled from his lecture notes. In addition, he began writing a doctoral dissertation on Rabelais for the Gorky Institute. However, the advent of World War II interrupted his work on the dissertation, and his book on the German novel of education literally went up in smoke. The publishing house to which Bakhtin sent this latter manuscript was bombed by the Germans during the war, and due to a cigarette paper shortage at that time, Bakhtin used the pages of the book's prospectus to support his continual craving for nicotine (Clark and Holquist 273). Though only a fragment of this work has survived, Bakhtin's essays on the dialogic theory of the novel remained intact, yet were not published in the Soviet Union until 1973, well after Moscow graduate students had rescued him from obscurity. These essays were translated into English as The...
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...direction are key processes in leadership. There are many great leaders and leadership styles that can be easily discussed. Twenty-first century leadership has developed useful and simplistic ways to determine and exercise their leadership styles on their way to developing and understanding their leadership styles based on the situation and the organization. Leadership is a very dynamic and diverse process, This literature selection by selection, as introduced by the editor, presents enlightening thoughts on a different aspect of leadership. Over the years, many researchers have developed various leadership theories, notably great scholars such as, Plato, Aristotle, Lao-tzu and others. Scholarly researchers like Machiavelli, Tolstoy, Ghandi, and W.E.B. Du Bois discuss the flip to the other side of leadership thought process. These scholars addressed from their perspectives a range of insights into the eternal practice and problems of leadership providing a wide range of insights into the eternal practice and problems of leadership. Leaders of the modern era of leadership...
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...Universality of Art -An interview with Djibrirou Kane Ottawa University Abstract An artist was interviewed for the Art/Expression breadth essay. In this essay, the interviewee is presented with various questions that span from thematic subjects of his artwork and what region had the most influence on his various paintings. This interview was repeated twice. Moreover, I ask the interviewee what drove him to express himself using this art form; he explains that it was due to his belief that fine arts have the farthest reaching and most lasting effect on human beings, as the saying goes “a picture is worth a thousand words”. Furthermore, the paper explores the artist’s tributes and recognitions of other forms of art(s) and his appreciation of the women and mothers of the region he hails from, as well as women across the globe. Universality of Art – An interview with Djibrirou Kane Art and self-expression have always been present in human populations, as many of the discovered cave paintings that are thousands of years old have clearly revealed. Art, however, can assume many forms – from music and poetry to fashion and design. For this breadth essay of Art/expression, I interviewed a young West African Artist named Djibrirou Kane (personal communication, January 20, 2016). He is a professional painter but also does a collage of artwork. He, for instance, mixes media art and draws, but refers to himself as predominantly a painter. The discussion on his artwork will...
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...Wallpaper Karla J. Murphy In his introduction to The Pedagogical Wallpaper, Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock notes how the pedagogical diversity of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wall-Paper” prompted him to collect essays for this book. He goes on to explain that “given the ubiquity of the text within various academic settings, I was also struck by the absence of attention to the text within pedagogical contexts. Despite the large (and steadily growing) body of criticism to the story, very little of it explicitly addresses its importance as a tool to facilitate learning or various ways in which to make use of the text in the classroom” (3). As a collection, Weinstock’s The Pedagogical Wallpaper contains informed, detailed, and diverse analysis that attempts to shore up the absence of “pedagogical possibilities” concerning Gilman’s transgressive short story (9). Among the contributors are a MOO space specialist, a Gilman scholar, a queer theorist, an existentialist, a formalist, and several reader/student-response theorists. Because each essayist presents a distinct critical perspective on Gilman’s text, each essay is likewise concerned with “how the narrative teaches and how to teach the narrative” (5). Thus, it seems to me that Weinstock’s The Pedagogical Wallpaper resonates with Pedagogy’s conviction that teaching is central to our work as scholars and educators, no matter what our particular perspective. Indeed, Weinstock’s commitment to diverse and instructive pedagogical...
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