...Interpersonal Attraction Factors affecting attraction 1. Need for Affiliation 1. Evolution 1. Proximity 1. Emotion 1. Attractiveness 1. Similarity 1. Theories of Attraction Evolution 1. It is adaptive – perpetuation of species 1. E.g. Men attractive due to wealth, power, social status – providers 1. Women attractive due to looks - fertility Need for Affiliation What is? • The motive to seek and maintain social relationships • Neurobiology Rowe (1996) – We’re born with it Personality affects the need • Schizoid persons • Dismissive avoidant styles • Dependent persons Situational Factors • Crisis situations increase the need for affiliation – natural disasters, reminders of mortality • Fear & affiliation – Strong correlation between fear & Need to Aff Why Crises/Fear Lead to Need for Aff • Social Comparison Theory Festinger (1954) – We seek out others – To interpret our reactions – To find support for these actions – Under stress – we seek others to explain situation Proximity What is? • Liking for persons increases the more we see and interact with them • Races Reason for Effect • Exposure Festinger, Schacter & Back (1950) • Experiment tracking friendships among couples in apartment buildings • Couples randomly assigned to apts • Couples strangers on entry • Couples asked...
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...Social Psychology’s Effects on Attraction Joshua Newton PSY 326 Dr. Cindi-Marie Willoughby How and what attracts us to others is interpersonal attraction. As a military student, I am continuously judging individuals when I initially meet them because I am constantly evaluating my placement in society. What initiated my interest to research social attraction was my weakness for the opposite sex. I was and still am inquisitive as to what draws me to all women and towards certain type of the opposite sex. Originally, I thought I was attracted only to women from a physical appeal in an initial meeting, but I found there is more to the question. Even though physicality is a considerable amount of interpersonal attraction, studies have proved there are numerous factors determining roles in attraction on initial engagements. Among the most reflective opinions I found, essentially the first interactions are proximity, similarity, and physicality. It is our acceptable appetite as humans to determine whom we are drawn to, even as infants. After further study from psychologists, I collected data elucidating what dictates interpersonal attraction for an assortment of people and its connotation in everyday life. We are continuously meeting new people, seeing new faces, and deciding whether we experience attractions to individuals deliberately or not. As a result, the first acquaintance of others is most significance in the likelihood of developing a...
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...INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION What is Interpersonal attraction? Interpersonal attraction * is the desire to approach another person. * is the attraction between people which leads to friendships and romantic relationships.. * refers to positive feelings about another person. It can take manyforms,including liking, love, friendship, lust, and admiration. * is anything that draws two or more people together characterized by affection, respect, liking, or love ("Interpersonal attraction," 2010) Affiliation Needs As Aristotle called humans “the social animal”, indeed we have an intense need to belong – to connect with others in enduring, close relationship(Myers,2007). Around the world and across age-groups, most people spend about 3/4 of their time with others. People want not merely the presence of others but close ties with people who care about them. Two theories explain the reasons for our affiliation needs: 1. Social comparison Theory 2. Social exchange theory Social comparison Theory One way to know ourselves and better understand our place in the social environment is to compare ourselves with others. This information is required to evaluate the self. Theory of Social exchange Focus of this theory is on interaction between people. This theory proposes that we seek out and maintain those relationships in which the reward exceeds the cost. The exchanged goods can be either material (money, food, etc.) or nonmaterial (social influence, affection...
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...I. Reflection on Personality, Human Development and the Self 1. Describe Personality From the class and the tests that I took, I can say that I’ve learned a lot about my personality. The Myers-Briggs test showed that I am intuitive when I gather information. This meant that I tend to focus more on the big picture. This explained why, ever since high school, I asked my teacher why we had to learn a certain topic and how we can use it in our everyday lives in the future. The test also showed that when making decisions, I tended to be a feeling type. This cleared up why when I had to make an important decision, like what course to take and where to study college, I consider how it will affect the people in my life (friends, family, etc.). As to how I approach life, the test showed that I perceiving nature than a judgemental one. This explained why I had little trouble adjusting from my city’s culture to Manila’s culture. Another test that I took, the Rotter’s locus of control scale, explained why I tended to rely on myself than hope that things will get better by itself; I had an internal locus of control. I always knew that I was a very lively and spontaneous person. Having energetic and extrovert friends, I can say my environment affected me a lot in terms of my personality. Although my parents are very serious people, I had not grown up to be the same. Since I am half-Chinese, half-Filipino, I had a sort-of...
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...Marissa Letz PSY 102 (1) December 1, 2011 Mr. Broder Differences between Liking and Loving Liking and loving are interesting emotions. Every person in the world has liking and loving as an emotion. Love is defined as an intense feeling of strong liking or affection for some specific thing or person (Reber, 1985). Liking is defined as a feeling of attraction or fondness for a thing or person. People long for relationships with other people. Most movies, books, and magazine articles are based on liking or loving another person, thing, or animal. Nothing seems to be more important to a person than having a relationship with someone else. Because liking and loving are such major social subjects it has been a focus for many social psychologists. The name of the study of liking and loving is called interpersonal attraction. Interpersonal attraction means a positive feeling for another person (Bailey & Gustavo, 1989). There are many theories to liking and love, but because they are such complex thoughts and feelings they are hard to explain, describe, and understand (“Theories of love”, n. d.). According to social psychologists there are three aspects that determine whether someone likes a person. Psychologist say proximity has to do with liking someone. Therefore, people that live or used to live in the same area have a better chance of becoming friends. Proximity leads to liking. Also, repeated exposure to any person leads to liking them. Exposure to any person...
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...composition and cohesiveness, and it explains how group cohesiveness is developed around the task and the relationships factor of the group. The group should not be built based on similarity of interpersonal attraction, but based upon people who offer different talents that can complement each other. The second listed component of group cohesiveness is; individual benefits and cohesiveness. This states that people like to be with groups where there needs can be satisfied. If people become conscious of the fact that they can indeed benefit from a group that no other group could, then they will become more attracted to the group and the groups’ cohesiveness can become stronger. The third listed component is; task effectiveness and cohesiveness, this component is focusing on the group as a whole, and how the performance of the group has an influence on how the group will succeed. Through the success of the group comes cohesiveness. The fourth listed component is; communication and cohesiveness, this component suggests that communication is what makes group interaction possible and without it the group will not be able to become cohesive. The amount and quality of the communication within team not only affects the groups’ cohesiveness, but also it is the foundation for interpersonal trusts inside the group. The last things that are discussed are influences on a group such as communication network, group size, and group climate and productivity. It shows...
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...romantic relationships. He’s been particularly interested, of late, in the short-term physiological effects of being in the presence of–or even just thinking about–a romantic partner. “In a context like a Valentine’s Day dinner,” says Loving, “there’s a lot of stuff going on.” To start, he says, simply being in the presence of someone whom we find attractive can trigger the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that’s connected to the brain’s pleasure system (and that seems to be involved, for instance, in why people get pleasure from using cocaine and amphetamines). Valentine’s Day, says Loving, can be understood as a way to reinforce this basic pleasure with a bevy of other pleasure-inducing activities. “It’s the first rule of interpersonal attraction: we’re attracted to people whose presence is rewarding to us,” he says. “Flowers are pretty. People like to get flowers. We like people who give us flowers. Nice music is relaxing, and we like to be with people who make us feel comfortable and safe. Whether it’s because there’s an actual biological response that makes us feel good–and there’s evidence, for instance, that chocolate has such an effect–or just because we’ve learned culturally that it’s good, it still contributes to the overall mood.” The dynamic between the biological and the cultural, says Loving, is so complex and reciprocal that it’s impossible to disentangle it in any fundamental sense. It is possible, however, to characterize some of the effects and patterns...
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...Everybody loves Facebook nowadays. Everywhere I go, I could see people logging in to their tablets and phones just to update their status and check their notifications and messages if someone had liked their pictures. To tell you honestly, I am one of them. We, teenagers, love socializing. We want to know what the latest trends are going on and also, sharing our moments to our friends around the world. But what are the other reasons why we love Facebook? Why we can’t help ourselves but check our profile every day? First, Facebook is the most popular social networking which has a million users worldwide. It has features that browses users to make friends. At the same time, we can post pictures and update about ourselves every day. This can help keeping in touch and stay connected to our old and new friends from different places. Second, Facebook is the best place for advertising products. Like me, this where I find products which it wasn’t available in our places. We could find affordable prices with a good quality. But, we should be careful in choosing the right seller. A few of those were not legit. On the other hand, this might be the cause on a so-called “Facebook Addiction”. You find yourself restless not checking your profile for just a day. I tried to experience this. Being depressed on Facebook is other major problems this days. You’re getting depressed when you wouldn’t have enough like s in your post or when someone bullied you through harsh comments or post. Even...
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...Although Sarah was usually a rule follower, the peer pressure and the excitement of starting a new school and making new friends was a huge factor in her decision to break the rules she’d always adhered to. The fact that she was so excited to make new friends and wanted them to see her as someone they had things in common with was a major factor in her decision to break the rules she’d always followed. She wanted to fit in with the crowd, and following the rules of her curfew would’ve prevented that from happening. Her decision to break curfew and go to the party was influenced by this need to be accepted by her peers. Sarah displayed cognitive dissonance because she knew that she should be following the rules previously set by her parents to not break her curfew. She felt continuously worried about breaking these rules throughout the night, even though she made the decision to do so. Although during the night she gained memories and even a date with an older boy, she displayed discomfort throughout the time at the thought of breaking the rules. Even at the end of the night when she went home, she began evaluating herself and the night she spent with her friends to determine if the activities that happened were worth her decision to break the rules. She began to conform to her new peers’ beliefs toward the beginning of the night, when she was out with them and they asked her if she wanted to go to the party. Even though she had never broken the rules before, which displayed...
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...Ester1 James Ester Dr. Jordan Alexander Psyc 101 25 April 2011 There are five general perspectives on human behavior: biological, learned, social and cultural, cognitive and psychodynamic. These perspectives aid in revealing how relationships begin, develop, and are maintained through the course of a loving relationship. All five behaviors, when studied, play a role in how a healthy relationship works which can maintain itself and stand the course of time. Of course for every positive there is always a negative, thus if some of the five general perspectives are lacking this can also lead to a toxic or negative relationship. As I look back over the past thirteen years of marriage between my wife and myself I can see clearly how each perspective can help to maintain, or lack there of, destroy a relationship. I remember the first time I met my wife. It was in the sixth grade, english class, we shared our first words. As any typical sixth grade boy I poked and made fun of her to hide the awkwardness of situation. You see, I thought she was cute but at such a young age I was only able to express this feeling with four eye jokes. As the year went by the feelings subsided and my parents bought a new house which resided outside the school district. At the end of the year we moved away and I thought I would never see her again but life had other plans for us. “The biological perspective...
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...FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ON APPLICANT ATTRACTION JONATHAN C. ZIEGERT Department Of Psychology University Of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 KAREN HOLCOMBE EHRHART1 San Diego State University INTRODUCTION One of the most important activities for the success of an organization is the attraction of high quality applicants (Rynes & Barber, 1990). While the importance of attraction to organizational functioning and effectiveness has long been noted, the theory and research on attraction has been surprisingly underdeveloped. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to fill this void and address the call for greater attention to the topic of individuals’ attraction to organizations by proposing a theoretical model based on three meta-theories of both how and why individuals are attracted to organizations. While we detail how past research fits into this model, we go beyond this existing work and suggest directions for future theory and research development by examining the boundary conditions of past research. It is important to note that our approach examines why individuals are attracted to organizations from the applicant’s perspective. Indeed, the important role that the individual plays in the attraction process has been relatively neglected in prior reviews dealing with recruitment (see Barber, 1998 and Cable & Turban, 2001 for notable exceptions). To provide the widest coverage of the attraction construct, we define attraction broadly as having a positive affective...
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...The River God Adjective | Quote to support | Powerful | "But I can drown the fools who bathe too close to the weir, contrary to rules" | Perverted | "I like the people to bathe in me, especially women" | Possessive | "So I brought her down here to be my beautiful dear" | Line | Aspect of the relationship | Line 4‘And I like the people to bathe in me, especially women.’ | Suggests that the river god likes the company of female humans | Lines 5-9‘But I can drown the foolsWho bathe too close to the weir, contrary to rules.And they take a long time drowningAs I throw them up now and then in the spirit of clowning.Hi yih, yippity yap, merrily I flow,’ | Suggests that the river god has power over humans and can do what he likes to them | Lines 11-16‘Once there was a lady who was too boldShe bathed in me by the tall black cliff where the water runs cold,So i brought her down hereTo be my beautiful dear.Oh will she stay with me will she stayThis beautiful lady, or will she go away?’ | Suggests he has taken a liking to a particular woman and wants to stay with her | Line 23Now. They say I am a foolish old smelly river | Suggests that what the humans think about the river is not actually correct; it has hidden secrets | Line 26If she wishes to go I will not forgive her. | Suggests the river god has control over the woman and thinks she cares what he thinks of her | Poem Analysis: * Using childlike language such as 'yippity-yap' in the poem makes the river...
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...Contents The Company 2 Problem Identification 2 Question and Goals Evaluation of the Environment 3 The Social-Cultural Environment 3 The Competitive Environment 4 Physical Environment 5 Survey Results 7 Strategies 7 Stage 1: Awareness through buzz marketing Phone Application Social Networking Website and Blog Online Fashion Contest Street Teams (Affect) 7 Product Placement (Affect) 17 Stage 2: Influencing the Customer’s Behavior(Conation) Error! Bookmark not defined. Structuring of the Physical Environment 13 Service 14 Incentives (Flyer/Coupon) (Conation) 12 Recyclable Bags (Cognition) 15 Stage 3: Conclusion 17 Appendix A 18 Appendix B 23 Appendix C 27 Bibliography 28 The Company A small specialized local retail store has been selling clothes to women aged 18-25 for many years. It sells local designer fashions at reasonable prices. It is located in the heart of downtown near many universities where rent is high although business is slowing down. The company has been around for many years and yet their brand name is practically unknown to the public. Their clientele is mainly due to the high traffic in the area but is not regular and loyal. The store owners evaluate their regular clientele to be approximately 30% of their total sales. The company has the advantage of having unique styles and a medium sized boutique on the busy street of St-Catherine’s...
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...Liking Is for Cowards. Go for What Hurts Liking Is for Cowards. Go for What Hurts is an essay written by Jonathan Franzen. He is from America and he is a novelist and essayist. The essay by Jonathan Franzen is based on a commencement speech he delivered at Kenyon College, Ohio, USA. The essay starts talking about a relationship with his phone. He is impressed by how far out worlds technology have come and how advanced our civilization has become. He got his new smartphone and three years later, it is much more advanced than before. Jonathan Franzen is telling about how we live our lives and how we make in this case the smartphone so personify and makes us addicted to technology. Franzen is also talking about his new phone and bringing to debate about we personify and threat our new technology equipment we have with us every day. The ultimate goal with technology is “to replace a natural world that is indifferent to our wishes – a world of hurricanes and hardships and breakable hearts, a world of resistance – with a world so responsive to our wished as to be effectively, a mere extension of the self” (p.2.55-61). Then Jonathan Franzen starts debating about technology and it is trouble by real love, and has no choice to trouble love in return. The way Jonathan Franzen engaging the audience is creative and very interesting. He is admitting that he is an old man at 51 years and he have become really tired of the use of technology, but even though he admit he have become...
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...Elaboration on construct: Chapter three breaks down attraction into three categories, physical, social attraction, and task attraction, I would like to focus on these three attractions throughout this construct, (McCrosky & McCain, 1974). Physical attraction is when somebody is drawn to one’s attire, hair, clothes, eyes and general appearance. Social attraction is when somebody is socially attracted to an individual based off of the social setting, however social attraction does not mean that somebody is physically attracted to them. The final attraction is task attraction, which means someone is desired to help achieve a goal, such as a career goal, financial goal, or group goal. An example of this would be a student wanting to partner with a fellow student who shows a broader knowledge of class material. Why this construct appeals to you (be specific): The big three (physical, social and task attraction) are something that I can relate to in my life and think of specific examples of when each has taken place and why....
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