...Henry Molaison—who was publicly known as only H.M. prior to his death—was a young man who suffered terribly from debilitating epilepsy—a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Having exhausted all known forms of treatment at the time, H.M. underwent a radical and highly experimental procedure, in which his doctors removed most of his hippocampus bilaterally. H.M.’s epileptic symptoms improved dramatically, but the surgery left him with a devastating memory impairment, as he lost his ability to form new memories—a condition known as anterograde amnesia. In most cases of anterograde amnesia, the patients’ declarative or explicit memory—which refers to memories that can be consciously recalled, such as facts and events—is damaged, while their non-declarative or implicit memory—which refers to learned skills and reactions that are typically retrieved unconsciously, such as writing or riding a bike—remains unaffected. In the 2000 noir film...
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...of elementary memories, such as memory construction, encoding specificity, retroactive interference, flashbulb memories, Ebbinghaus forgetting curve. One of the factors contributing to this is memory construction, which is the creation of false memories due to imagination and can lead to imagination inflation. This can affect her memories of elementary school because as a child, Val had a greater imagination which may have led...
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...Memory is regarded as an integral aspect both in the formation and continued maintenance of ethnic nationalities. Firstly, memory provides history, both through symbols and events, necessary to legitimise the national project, usually through simplified representations of the past and a formation of linearity with the present (Smith, 1996, p. 377, 383). Memory also provides a mode of transmission for shared cultural values and traits specific to the ethnic or national group to be propagated down to future generations, be it through rituals or education (Dessi, 2008, p. 534). In doing so, tools for cohesion via self-ascription of members and propagating discourses of difference for continued boundary maintenance of the group are provided (Barth,...
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...Mass media which regroup all the media apparatuses, for example, films, TV appears, informal communities, and so on has extraordinary impact on the general public, and particularly on youngsters (Srygley, 1978). As per Bandura's Social Cognitive Learning Theory individuals can learn practices and new contemplations if these four prerequisites are met which are consideration, memory, impersonation and wishes when the spectator is confronting any sort of practices in his surroundings that demonstrates the likelihood of taking in the showed conduct. Hence, any rough sort of conduct demonstrated can be obtained and learned through this standard. Consideration is an imperative component for observational taking in the individual ought to offer regard for any sort of model in the persona environment. At that point memory, once ought to remember the activity to impersonate the molecule activity and impersonation is one of the components as well. In conclusion, yearning is essential to inspire the once to impersonate the observational conduct. The inauspicious Bandura concentrates on Transmission of Aggression Through Imitation of Aggressive Models or Imitation of Film-Mediated Aggressive Models (Bandura,Ross, and Ross, 1961:1963), were set inside of a social learning idea and were planned to detect the procedures driving the ways that youngsters and adolescents learn by watching and impersonating the practices of others. In this connection, thusly, the studies utilized motivator films...
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...Introduction The biggest struggle I have found for students in Anatomy is to retain the multitude of difficult to pronounce anatomical components. With the integration of numerous methods of technological delivery I plan to give solid memory cues and associations to the anatomical structures we are working to remember. Creating these memory tags will aid in both short and long term memory retention. Observing a cadavre every time we learn an anatomical component is impractical and unrealistic, therefore, observing these elements in the digital world becomes the next best thing.The use of these technology applications will maximize the student’s efficiency, engagement, and retention of the respiratory process. Body Day one will begin with...
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...Memory works in an odd way. We try to deconstruct and reconstruct memories all of the time in our heads, but it doesn’t often work the way we want it to. Fragments are often missing, things are rearranged or out of place. Time erodes, leaving the memories in a very fragile state. When one goes to recall a specific memory or event, time and time again things and elements are changed whether that be the setting, time, or people involved in the event. There are many different avenues for trying to capture significant events and in turn preserve that moment of time. Whether that be an audio recording or images; such as a drawing, video, or photography. All of these mediums capture the event in their own way but none of them can capture the true...
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...AGE ON SHORT TERM MEMORY ABSTRACT: Age associated declines in cognitive processes are important to the understanding of the human mind. This study investigates the relationship between ageing and short term memory in particular, by first exploring current cognitive and neuroscientific research involving concepts such as short term/working memory, long term memory and ageing, and secondly, by means of a short term memory experiment involving verbal and numerical stimuli, that was administered to two age groups- 20 to 40 year old adults and 50 to 70 year olds. The results of the experiment were then analysed using the ANOVA statistical software programme. The results did not conclusively show age related decline in short term memory performance in all segments of the test. Memory decline with increased age was apparent in the free recall word stimuli, and in the analyses of the number of incorrectly remembered words. The serial recall digit sequence did not show any statistically significant effects. The final section of this study addresses the possible explanations for the results, as well as the limitations of the study. Contents 1.Introduction 5 2.What is memory? 5 2.1 short term memory 5 2.2 working memory 7 2.3 the relationship between ageing and memory 8 2.4 long term memory ...
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...Assessment of the Retrosplenial Cortex in Head Direction cell Landmark Acquisition and Maintenance Key Words: Head Direction Cells, visual integration, retrosplenial cortex, episodic memory BACKGROUND: Spatial navigation serves as the foundation of episodic memory. Without navigational memory, locating the nearest grocery store, your home or even an object in your home could prove debilitating. Spatial navigation is a trait found in primates and most mobile animals, making this a worthwhile topic of study to contribute to identifying the functional connectomes in the mammalian brain. Direction is a fundamental component of navigation. The neural network that computes direction functions like a compass. Cells in this system are termed head direction (HD) cells and each cell will become active at one direction within the azimuth, called the preferred direction (PD). Computational models point to a “continuous ring attractor” where an “activity hill” results when the head is oriented in one direction. Cells with similar PDs will be active at a given direction, whereas all other cells are quiescent. Head movements drive the activity hill and the visual system corrects for error. Though there is physiological and anatomical evidence for vestibular components of this system, little is known about how the visual stimuli enact...
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...Memory experiment In my research experiment, I will be finding out which gender has the better short term memory recall. I have conducted a Literature Review so that I can review the past experiments on memory. Literature Review The first experiment that I read about was conducted by Liz B, and was conducted from 2004-5. Her hypothesis was that gender had an effect on short term recall. This made it non-directional, since she wasn't sure how gender effected memory, or if it was a positive or negative effect. The Independent Variable was the quiz sheets that were given out and the Dependant Variable was the number of words the students got correct. The results of the experiment was that girls received a better score than boys, however because the difference between the results was so small - with the girls' average at 43% correct and boys at 40% - that Liz felt gender had no effect on short term memory recall. The second experiment was conducted by Danah Henriksen. Henriksen's experiment was conducted to test the memory of an individual. Henriksen’s Independent Variable is the list of words that Henriksen asked the participant to remember, and the Dependant Variable is the short term memory of the participant. Henriksen felt that the participant that he conducted the experiment on was fifty-six year old male 'who seemed motivated to score well, possibly in the hope of combating a reputation for age-related memory loss'. This means that the results are unreliable...
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...Creating False Memories Fall 2011 Creating False Memories This experiment was unique and presented insight into creating false memories by using influence of suggestion. There has been various articles and research done on memories and whether or not a person’s memories can be considered credible. It is thought that memories can be altered by a person’s past events. As I seen from this experiment, memories can be altered just by simple suggestion. I practiced this experiment on my wife and seven children. Every person circled the word “snow” no matter what list they studied from. I considered the possibility that their thoughts were about the weather due to the rain and cold temperatures from that day. I decided to wait a few days before trying the experiment on the actual volunteers, eager for improved weather conditions. Our local church was having a meeting with many of its members. I waited for the meeting to finish and asked if four people would be willing to volunteer to participate in a research project. I asked the four volunteers to have a seat and patiently to do this experiment one person at a time. I brought the first volunteer into a separate room and explained the consent form and informed them that this was a simple memory test and there would be no harm to them, however there may be some slight deception. I also expressed their answers and identity will remain confident. The volunteers were informed the experiment would only take about five minutes...
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...Research Proposal: People views about the Psychological role of sleep in our lives Date: August 26, 2013 Subject: Proposal to do a research paper/project on the people views about the psychological role of sleep in our lives. INTRODUCTION Sleep has been the subject of speculation and thought since the time of the early Greek philosophers, but recently scientists have discovered ways to study sleep in a systematic and objective way. With the advent of new technology, scientists are now being able to measure electrical patterns and activity produce by the sleeping brain. Sleeping time is controlled by circadian clock (a biochemical mechanism that oscillates with a period of 24 hours and is coordinated within day-night cycle) and in humans to some extent by willed behavior. Sleep helps the brain commit new information to memory through a process called memory consolidation. Psychological role of sleep has a great impact on our lives. In today’s society, a lack of sleep and high energy are accepted as the “norm”. It seems that people have lost sight of the importance of sleep on our mental and physical health. Many research studies have been conducted and have found that there are many benefits to sleeping regularly and well. It is not quantity that matters so much as quality of sleep. Research has also been done to study the future of sleep and how that may affect people psychologically. The field of sleep psychology is advancing, and will surely change...
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...Using the Morris Water Maze to Assess Spatial Learning and Memory in Weanling Mice Rebekah Nhim Cal State University, Long Beach Summary Section Introduction and hypothesis The Morris water maze is a well-known test for studying spatial learning and memory. Weanling mice that were maze-trained demonstrated a significant amount of improvements in their spatial learning over the training period, the outcome of the probe trial showed the progress of spatial memory. The use of the Morris water maze, created strong findings that can be found to evaluate spatial learning and memory in weanling mice. This research is important because it demonstrates the ability to study complex behaviors with face validity to the clinical phenotypes...
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...“Memories warm you up from the inside. But they also tear you apart.” ― Haruki Murakami, Kafka on the Shore tags: memories 6,487 people liked it like “I don't want to repeat my innocence. I want the pleasure of losing it again.” ― F. Scott Fitzgerald, This Side of Paradise tags: lost-innocence, memories 2,391 people liked it like “The town was paper, but the memories were not.” ― John Green, Paper Towns tags: memories 1,936 people liked it like “The worst part of holding the memories is not the pain. It's the loneliness of it. Memories need to be shared.” ― Lois Lowry, The Giver tags: loneliness, memories, pain, share 1,254 people liked it like “No matter how much suffering you went through, you never wanted to let go of those memories.” ― Haruki Murakami tags: letting-go, life, life-lessons, memories 725 people liked it like “Sometimes things become possible if we want them bad enough.” ― T.S. Eliot tags: memories, truth, wishes 610 people liked it like “Listen to the people who love you. Believe that they are worth living for even when you don't believe it. Seek out the memories depression takes away and project them into the future. Be brave; be strong; take your pills. Exercise because it's good for you even if every step weighs a thousand pounds. Eat when food itself disgusts you. Reason with yourself when you have lost your reason.” ― Andrew Solomon, The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression tags: belief, bravery, courage...
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...From my research I learned that three days after a person sees a picture, your brain will remember 65% of what you saw. The hippocampus is where the brain stores memory. Our brain is 10 times bigger than scientists originally thought from recent studies. There are two different types of memory in the brain. Short term memory and long term memory. Episodic memory is the of memory of specific events. Short term memory causes your pre-frontal lobe to be very active. The brain remembers positive and negative information in two different hemispheres of the brain. Negative emotions generally require more thinking than positive information. My problem was, does the human brain remember sad events or happy events more? I was interested in this...
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...Topic : Importance of Sleep General Purpose : To inform Specific Purpose : To inform my audience about the importance of sleep. Central Idea : Sleep is very important to people because it helps to control weight issues and boosting our memory. I would like to share about the importance of sleep that leads to control weight issues and boosting our memory. Main Idea : 1. Boost our memory 2. Control weight issues Introduction Attention Getter “A good laugh and a long sleep are the best cures in the doctor's book”, which is from one of the Irish proverbs. Due to more laughter and sufficient sleep, we could live longer. As a teenager, we need to get at least 8 hours of sleep every day. So, are you getting enough sleep? Reveal Topic For your information, in average, human will spend about 20-25 years sleeping time over 75 years of life span. That is about one-third of our life time. This figure is quite shocking as we never realise that sleeping has become our essential life process. According to the National Sleep Foundation (NSF), sleeping plays a crucial role in good health and well-being throughout our life. Sleep is the golden chain that ties health and our bodies together. Moreover, sleeping will bring positive effects to our daily health, including the most important defence of our body, the immune system. Thus, getting less sleep than the recommended time per night may reduce the effectiveness of our immune system. Establish Credibility ...
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