...Education of Individuals with Disability Name: Institution: Education of Individuals with Disability History of Special Education In the early 18th century, people with disability were often ignored, obscured, or put to death. First efforts to provide education for disabled students were focused on students with sensory problems such as the deaf and blind. During the 19 and early 20th century, schools that were specialized in providing education to students with disability emerged in United States and Europe. The extremely published story of Helen Keller influenced the introduction of education for disabled people in America. In 1887, Anne Sullivan who was Helen’s teacher said that he will not give up in offering education to the deaf and the blind, and she succeeded in teaching a five year old Helen how to communicate (Ashbaker, 2011, p. 25). Prior to 1965, there were no free education services provided to students with serious disabilities. These students were barred from attending school. Most of the students with severe disabilities used to put up in institutions. Many students who had mild disabilities and were not in a position to complete high school without any help did not have any other alternative other than dropping out of school. To appreciate developments that have placed disabled students in normal learning classroom, it is important to understand the legislative history that led to this move. Back in 1954, there was a civil rights case that involving...
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...debate about whether or not special needs students should be exempt from graduation and exit-level tests. Many believe that testing will place students where they belong in society. Under this belief pattern, is it fair to judge special needs students by these standards? Many parents and educators believe that it is unfair for special needs children to be judged or tested in the same manner as children who do not have special needs. The major concern here is not so much whether or not special needs students should take exit level tests; but rather how special needs students are classified, whether or not the correct accommodations are provided, and if a single indicator is used for assessment. To identify a special needs students capability levels, multiple indicators must be given. These multiple indicators include: tests, observations, psychological reports, student work samples, and parent and teacher interviews. Because it is difficult or almost impossible for educators to determine what level of accommodation is needed for each student, educators must consider giving students exit level tests according to their individual academic level. This must be done on a case-by-case basis. Timothy Bush, a special education teacher at Sanford high school in Delaware, said it best: “The national demand for high standards and accountability is appropriate for all students. But it is unfair not to make the accommodations that will enable students with special needs to demonstrate their abilities”...
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...CATERING FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN THE REGULAR CLASSROOM: CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD FUANDAI, Cornelius M. PhD, FCAI Faculty of Education Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022 Keffi Nasarawa State e-mail:- corneyfuan@yahoo.com Abstract The National Policy on Education specifically stipulates that there is need for equality of educational opportunities to all Nigerian children irrespective of any real or imagined disabilities (FNG 2004). The policy further states that Education of children with special needs shall be free at all levels and all necessary facilities that would ensure easy access to education shall be provided via inclusive education or integration of special class and units into ordinary/public classes under the Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme. These policy statements appear lofty but their attainment under the present situation seems to be a mirage. Already, about seven million Nigerian children of school going age are out of the school system. Besides most of the public schools are overcrowded and over populated with little or no attention paid to the special child. Furthermore, there are not enough qualified personnel and instructional materials in the school system. The implication of this state of affairs in children with special needs is not adequately catered for. Worst still, most of the children with special needs are not identified early enough let alone intervention and remedial programmes arranged for...
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...General Purpose: To give a general overview on the benefits of inclusion in the classroom. Specific Purpose: To persuade the general public that inclusion is best for special needs students. Central Idea: The No Child Left Behind Act is assuring that children with special needs achieve the education level they are capable of. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: If you were the parent of a special needs child, wouldn’t you you expect the school system to provide the highest level of services available? B. Reveal Topic: Inclusion is a highly debated topic that most people don’t understand, including the parents of a special needs child. C. Credibility Statement: I am a special education inclusion teacher that witnesses the positive effects of inclusion first hand. D. Listener Relevance Link: The NCLB Act could one day affect you or your loved ones. E. Central Idea: The No Child Left Behind Act is assuring that children with special needs achieve the education level they are capable of. F. Preview Main Points: Tonight I will show that the benefits of inclusion far out- weigh the negatives. II. Body A. Main Point I: Mainstreaming is designed for children with disabilities to become involved more with the regular population. Students that are usually in self contained classrooms are allowed to take classes with the regular population. However the regular education students are aware of who these students are and can be very mean to these kids. ...
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...Channeling Students into Special Services In our school system many of our students need to enroll in a special education program (IEP) for one reason or another. A teacher has to know her student well in order for this process to take place. The teacher needs to be an advocate, and initiate the order of steps that will get this student into the (IEP). The first thing that needs to be done is a letter is written to the school counselor. This letter should give reference to the students weak, and strong points. The letter must indicate the reasons why the student should be enrolled into an IEP program. This letter is then sent to the principal, and then onto the district county administrator. Review of the letter in detail, and the s the difficulties that the child is having so that a determination can be made if the child is in need of the IEP. After this is done the parents are allowed to look over the letter. Once the letter is reviewed by the school district administrator a determination of an evaluation is done if necessary. This is when a specialist is called in a time, place, and date is set for the child to be evaluated by the specialist. The parents of the child are made aware of what is going on the whole time their child is being evaluated. The specialist will run many screening test on the student, while school records are being reviewed in its entirety also grades and behavior. This review covers everything pertaining to the child including interactions...
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...and that every child should be accounted for in terms of providing a quality education. Schools have had trouble trying to embrace the notion that no student should be allowed to fail. Leadership with in any school should embrace the philosophy that no student should be allowed to fail and apply it to the school culture and implement a program that coordinates the schools’ s mission statement of maximizing achievement with the school improvement goals. In 2006, pyramid of intervention was a response to the intervention component of the Individuals with Disabilities Improvement Act (IDEIA). Response to Intervention or (RTI) is often associated with Pyramid of Intervention using a continuum-based process that focuses on access to high quality, evidence based instruction, data-driven decision making, a tiered model of supports and a systems level approach to improving academic and behavioral outcomes (McIntosh, 2011). Pyramid of Intervention This pyramid came out of the IDEIA law that wanted to address increasingly diverse classrooms and the demands and opportunities of what has come to be coined “21st century learning.” There is a prevailing thought that the high-quality inclusive education is an issue of social justice and important to developing the human capital that is needed in today’s societies. What has emerged is a growing preference towards empowering the classroom teacher with the knowledge, skills and supports to identify the authentic needs of students and to differentiate...
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...Outline the legislation relevant to SEN. Special Education Needs legislation is found in the Education Act of 1944, and also the amended report of 1996. The Education Act of 1996 includes the SEN framework that provides guidance on meeting the needs of children who have been identified as needing such support (My Distance Learning, P.35. 2014) There are a number of disability equality legislation that schools must adhere to these include: SEN duties Duties under the SEN and Disability Act 2001 (SENDA) The planning of duties of DDA1995 Disability Equality Duty (DDA 2005) The Special Educational needs and Disability Act became law in May 2001. It strengthened the rights of children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities...
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...The argument of whether or not to allow women in combat is not a new issue. Prior to the 1990’s, women were not even allowed to fly combat missions or allowed onto combat ships. In the United States military the term combat is defined as an armed conflict. The definition of combat is important to know because the argument is that women should not be allowed to serve in combat. Women not being allowed to serve in combat is a much different argument then the argument that women should not be allowed in the military. Women perform many important jobs in the United States armed forces and very few people are against women serving in the military. The United States armed forces consist of five branches, the Airforce, Army, Navy, Marines, and Coast Guard. Currently women are allowed to serve in all five branches and are being integrated into the combat mission of all five branches. In December of 2010...
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...History of Special Education Cherri Eurich Grand Canyon University: SPE-526 11/7/12 Abstract Understanding the history of special education is necessary to grasp its value today. After the 1970’s it was decided there was a growing need for reform when it came to educating children with disabilities. Over the years there have been many pieces of legislation introduced to aid in improving our nation’s special education program. Perhaps one of the most important, being the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). As early as 1970, people began to recognize the need for educational legislation on behalf of students with disabilities. Before that time schools were allowed to discriminate and segregate as well as deny education to certain students. Since Brown vs. the Board of Education educational legislation has been vital to developing the best special education programs. What is Special Education? Special education is designed to give opportunities and teaching to students with disabilities that affect their life and learning (Heward, 2009). Special education provides a curriculum that is specialized and individually intensive. The lessons are intensive and goal directed for each student. Special education teachers work in conjunction with general education teachers to provide adequate lessons. In many instances, special curriculum, along with unique materials is used to aid in educating the students (Heward, 2009)...
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...I. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM How should STI Dipolog be more competitive with the existing schools in Dipolog City? II. THE ORGANIZATION AND ITS PROFILE Organization Name: Systems Technology Institute (STI) - Dipolog Motto: “Education For Real Life.” Location: Gillamac Building, Malvar St., Dipolog City Systems Technology Institute (STI) is the largest network of for-profit information technology based colleges in the Philippines. This private college system offers a curriculum including business studies, computer science, education, engineering and health care. STI has branches all over the Philippines and claims to be the second largest IT-based educational institution in Asia. STI Educational Network System STI network is composed of the following structures, each with its own specific functions and objectives: The Colleges The STI Colleges provides associate, baccalaureate, and Masteral Programs in the fields of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), Engineering, Business and Management, Tourism and Hospitality Management, Arts and Sciences, and Healthcare. These programs are duly accredited by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). TESDA Programs under the Colleges can also be ladderized with exit points that equip graduates with TESDA Certifications and the option to continue further studies in programs accredited by CHED. The Education Centers The STI Education...
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...Relationship Between the Law and Your School Marchelle Smith SPE-350 Special Education Litigation and Law November 2, 2013 Discovering the Relationship Between the Law and Your School The legal ramifications of special education started in the late 1960’s that was derived from the discrimination and segregation of children who had disabilities and handicaps. Learning how special education has changed over the last century and decade has been very specific. Special education children were not educated in the early 1900’s, they were just locked away or kept at home because some thought they were not able to be educated. The acts and laws that have been enacted to give children with special education a chance to live a normal life has really changed the way we view education for these children today. When Congress adopted the Education for All Handicapped Children Act' (EAHCA) in 1975 and mandated the education of all children with disabilities, a key supporter of the bill noted that "[n]o one really knows what a learning disability is (Colker, 2012). When the Education for All Handicapped Children Act in 1975 passed it began to fund states to educate special needs students in regular schools, but in separate classrooms. The courts and laws have changed to included special needs children in the public education in the LE (least restrictive) setting. In all that I have learned and in talking with the Bonnie Walston the Director of Special Education in my district I have gained...
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...A. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997 (IDEA), is a federal special education law and was signed into law in June 1997. The IDEA pledges that each child with a disability as well as students who need special education services has the right to a free proper public education, with the least restrictive environment. Below are the six components that are included in the IDEA. They include; 1 Free Appropriate Public Education(FAPE): In this component, the IDEA pledges that all students with a disability must be provided at a no cost public education services that is appropriate to his or her special needs within the public school system. 2 Least Restrictive Environment is the second component. This component ensures the student will receive a free appropriate public education with the least restrictive environment. It also contends the IDEA’s beliefs, that educating students within the general education population as well as the general education curriculum is the first priority that the IEP team must consider. 3 Individualized Education Program (IEP) Is the third component. This component will make certain that child with disabilities will be given the suitable as well as the individualized education. The IDEA states that after evaluating the information that is gathered, the IEP group will prepare a written document stating the special educational services available to the student. The steps involved in the IEP procedure include the testing...
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...Regarding Disciplining Special Education Students Holly Witherwax Prairie View A&M University Introduction Discipline within a school setting is of prime importance, and ensures that learning activities progress without major hitches. This is true in school settings that enroll students without disabilities, as well as schools for students with special needs. Learning institutions that enroll both disabled students and those not disabled are also tasked with ensuring that discipline amongst the students is maintained across the board. Therefore, the challenge for administrators in schools that have incorporated special education students is that of ensuring that in disciplining special education students; they act within the law, they act in an unprejudiced manner (vis-à-vis disciplining normal students) and finally that the punishment takes cognizance of the status of the student as a special education student. Federal Law and Disciplining Special Education Students There are various laws that govern the disciplining of special education students in federally supported schools in K-12 education. The most relevant law as regards disciplining special education students is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 1990 (reauthorized in 1997). The provisions of IDEA state that unless a special needs student has committed punishable acts that require drastic measures such as the student being permanently transferred from the school, then the punishment...
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...regular class regardless of the time of enrollment. 5. A student will be marked absent if he/she leaves the PE class without asking permission from the teacher concerned. 6. A student who incurs 2 absences will be reported to the Guidance Office. 7. Students will not be given any probable make-up for the activities missed due to unexcused absence. 8. For prolonged absence, a student shall present a medical certificate signed by a medical doctor and/ or a letter of excuse from the parents or guardian and a certificate of excuse of absence issued by the Discipline Office to the teacher concerned. 9. Special consideration may be given to students for valid reasons such as certified prolonged illness upon approval by the Dean. B. ON UNIFORM 1. Students shall be in complete PE uniform during PE class. 2. A student will not be allowed to attend PE class if not in complete PE uniform. C. ON TARDINESS and Absences 1. All students are expected to be in their respective PE areas promptly. 2. A student who arrives 15 minutes after the scheduled time is considered late. This includes but not limited to, over sleeping, car problems or any other personal reason. 3. Two instances of tardiness without justifiable reason is equivalent to one absence. 4. A student who incurs 2 tardy will be reported to the guidance...
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...can and will be made to students in need of them, in question some schools may have made accommodations previously for a student and is better adapted to take in students. However, in this case review regarding Debbie Young a high school principal with experience in special education rejects a parents request to have a their child attend the school under the pretense it wouldn’t be the most “appropriate placement.” In this case we will be reviewing if Debbie’s decision is defensible and if so why or why not. Furthermore strengthening her defense with an additional court case named Beth B v. Clay(2002). However, against her defense, citing least restrictive environments and court cases to argue the contrary. Firstly, in Debbies defense we will review one of the first possible reasons in her decision. This being that the school is possibly not adequately equipped to handle a student. That meaning that another school may be better equipped to handle the student. In McLaughlin v. Holt Public Schools(2003), it judged that a student could be served outside the area of the school offered a program that the student would need. If this is to...
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