...How will developing knowledge of another culture prevent from discrimination, stereotypes and structural violence? Though we may not be able to fully understand another culture, we can still learn why this group is perceived a certain way; whether that is race, sex or age. The concept Structural Violence, refers to the systematic ways in which social structures harm or otherwise disadvantaged individuals. This places stereotypes on different individuals and groups. In order to explore this problem, idea and how we might think better about it, I want to engage ideas of ethnography through art of several prominent black artists engaging the topics of structural violence. Those that are placed in poverty tend to fail on a societal scale decade...
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...candidate in Comparative and International Education at Teachers College, Columbia University in New York City. She is currently a lecturer in the Center for Holocaust, Genocide and Peace Studies at the University of Nevada as well as at the European University Center for Peace Studies in Austria. 1 ARTICLE Celina Del Felice and Andria Wisler The Unexplored Power and Potential of Youth as Peace-builders Journal of Peace Conflict & Development Issue 11, November 2007 available from www.peacestudiesjournal.org.uk ABSTRACT Around the world many young people are victims of cultural, direct, and structural violence and become carriers of that violence or perpetration. There is a strong tendency among politicians and researchers to see youth as a problem to be solved. However, many youth are peaceful and peace-builders. Equally affected by various forms of violence, they decide to act constructively towards building a culture of peace. Youth are underestimated as positive agents of change and key actors in peace-building, both by policy-makers and academics. This paper explores the role of...
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...What is violence? Violence is a physical action that aims for hurting people. Violence had played a huge role in forming history because where ever a person goes a form of violence is present. Violence: The Strong and the Weak is an article written by Devin McKinney that divides violence into two parts, the strong and the weak. The University of California Press Published McKinney’s article because the author went out of his way to defend the use of violence in movies by analyzing the emotional affect it has on the viewer. This paper will identify and analyze McKinney’s idea on violence, plus what does he mean by strong and weak violence. Also, the writer makes two points in his article the first one, is how violence in movies can stick in...
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...The chapters by Seth Holmes provide accounts of indirect violence, and the illegalization of migrants which supports Nevins argument that violence against immigrants are normalized. Nevins argues this violence is normalized in our society because it is indirect. He discusses how direct/physical violence attracts scrutiny. However, when the violence is indirect and structural it has no clear perpetrator allowing it to be dismissed and normalized. Seth Holmes confirms this statement in the writing piece How the Poor Suffer, he talks about the extreme labor work that migrants undergo and how the pain and suffering is an example of structural violence. “Structural violence is manifested as social inequalities and hierarchies, often along social...
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...The Disease Known as Violence: The Product of Society Tereso Flores California State University Los Angeles The Disease Known as Violence: A Product of Society Violence is often interpreted as being binary, in the sense where there must always be a victim and an offender. Thus, giving the idea that violent acts are simple to define and the aggressor must always be punished. Gary Slutkin an epidemiologist talks about his experience in Africa where he helped suppress disease epidemics, such as AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Cholera after a decade of service Slutkin decided to retire and move back to the US where he soon realized that the US is also facing an epidemic of its own. Gary also stated that punishment for a violent...
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...Michael Cabrera Structure Analyses How to Tell a True War Story In “How to Tell a True War Story,” Tim O’Brien varies from a straight forward approach because of the horrifying contents of war. Instead, his approach is one of repetition, where he retells the death of Curt Lemon, but with different versions. He adopts this structure to make it more tolerable to his audience, express that true war stories never seem to have an end, and demonstrate how truths become contradictory. True war stories by nature are so gruesome and devastating, that the author has to compromise its accuracy by inserting nonfactual, yet more palatable details to cause his listener to believe. The author supports this point when he says, “All you can do is tell it one more time, patiently, adding and subtracting, making up a few things to get to the real truth” (296). In another section he says, “Often the crazy stuff is true and the normal stuff isn’t because the normal stuff is necessary to make you believe the truly incredible craziness” (289). Interestingly, O’Brien reinforces this idea again with the example of the story that Mitchell Sanders tells. Sander says to him, “I got a confession to make… last night, man, I had to make up a few things… yeah, but listen, it’s still true…those six guys, they heard wicked sound out there…they heard sound you just plain won’t believe.” In those examples, we clearly observed how the author uses his peculiar structure to reveal the necessity...
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...militant attacks – to mention just two easily observed realities. To put it somewhat differently, different political agents, different agents seeking to change or perpetuate the ordering of society, seem to be increasingly reaching out to violence as a tool for achieving their purposes. India, the primary concern of this paper, too, is convulsed by an increasing spiral of violence. Kashmir remains one of the most heavily militarised zones in the world1; pitched battles continue to be fought in the ‘North-East’; Hindu2 and Muslim extremists carry out terrorist strikes in the country; and the CPI-Maoists3, one of over thirty underground Communist parties waging war against the Indian state4, is met by a Government that arms civilians to fight them5 and also sends in various security forces for its ‘Operation Green Hunt’. The list could go on for some time. And this without considering the fact that all major political parties in India work with their own goons, and/or are associated with some. Yet, in political debates in various news channels or opinion pieces in newspapers one hardly finds anyone advocating violence. Put like this, this may appear absurd, but of course there is an obvious explanation – that democracy has no room for violence,...
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...Introduction to Finite Element Method Mathematic Model Finite Element Method Historical Background Analytical Process of FEM Applications of FEM Computer Programs for FEM 1. Mathematical Model (1) Modeling Physical Problems Mathematica l Model Solution Identify control variables Assumptions (empirical law) (2) Types of solution Sol. Eq. Exact Sol. Approx. Sol. Exact Eq. Approx. Eq. ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ (3) Methods of Solution (3) Method of Solution A. Classical methods They offer a high degree of insight, but the problems are difficult or impossible to solve for anything but simple geometries and loadings. B. Numerical methods (I) Energy: Minimize an expression for the potential energy of the structure over the whole domain. (II) Boundary element: Approximates functions satisfying the governing differential equations not the boundary conditions. (III) Finite difference: Replaces governing differential equations and boundary conditions with algebraic finite difference equations. (IV) Finite element: Approximates the behavior of an irregular, continuous structure under general loadings and constraints with an assembly of discrete elements. 2. Finite Element Method (1) Definition FEM is a numerical method for solving a system of governing equations over the domain of a continuous physical system, which is discretized into simple geometric shapes called finite element. Continuous system Time-independent PDE Time-dependent...
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...heavily on software to perform their design tasks. Unfortunately, most commercial structural analysis packages are closed-source, which means that the operations that the program performs cannot be inspected by the user. Moreover, such software packages are invariably very pricey, and, hence, are generally not affordable for students and smaller engineering firms. The objective of this design project was to design a structural analysis program that would be free of charge and available to all. This computer program was to be open source and well commented, so that its users could comprehend the operations performed in the analysis of a given structure. To accomplish these objectives, the generalized stiffness method of structural analysis was implemented into a computer algorithm. This algorithm, called “TrussT Structural Analysis”, is a collection of visual basic modules embedded in a Microsoft Excel document using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). This design report outlines the theory behind TrussT Structural Analysis, as well as the methods by which that theory was implemented into computer algorithms. The first two sections of this report present the theory of the generalized stiffness method of structural analysis and its implementation into a computer algorithm. The following sections present the procedures by which the stiffness method was modified to incorporate the analysis of structure with special characteristics such as member applied loads, member...
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...Structural Analysis III Chapter 3 – Characteristics of Structures Chapter 3 - Characteristics of Structures 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 2 3.1.1 Background .................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Basic Statical Determinacy ................................................................................. 5 3.2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 5 3.2.2 Plane Beams and Frames ............................................................................... 6 3.2.3 Plane Trusses ............................................................................................... 15 3.3 Stability ............................................................................................................... 20 3.3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 20 3.3.2 Exceptions to Basic Rule ............................................................................. 21 3.3.3 Examples...................................................................................................... 23 3.4 Further Statical Determinacy .......................................................................... 25 3.4.1 Internal and External Determinacy ...........................................
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...sufferings of women are much more commonplace than that of men (Paul farmer giving an example of Acephie and Chouchou). Throughout the world, women are confronted with sexism, an ideology that designates them as inferior to men. Farmer (1996) discusses the particular impact that poverty a form of structural violence has upon women who are driven to accept jobs which put them in a position of vulnerability in Haiti. He argues that life experiences must be embedded in ethnography if they are to be understood. But he also claims that “…local understandings, in turn, are to be embedded in the larger-scale historical system…” (Farmer 1996, 273). In this paper, the concept of structuralism through a gender lens is...
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...Concepts of inequality and structural violence is advanced by Farmer in his work, Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues. The novel shines light on the specific inequalities of women (Farmer 2011 [1996], 2001 [1999]), as well as those with various views and understanding of the disease on an individual and international aid sponsor country scale (Farmer 2006a [1992], 2006b [1994], 2011 [1996], 2001 [1999]). Farmer connects biomedicine and anthropology throughout the book addressing challenges involving the perceived causes of TB in Haiti. Identifying it as rationalized suffering (Farmer 2001 [1999]). Stating that “the anthropologist within me is perfectly satisfied to analyze such explanations, but to a physician it is nothing less...
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...Intersectionality was a concept introduced by Kimberlé Crenshaw an American civil rights advocate, professor and leading scholar of Critical Race Theory. The concept of “intersectionality” came from a metaphor coined by Crenshaw to explain how race oppression and gender oppression operate in the lives of black women. Crenshaw’s concept of intersectionality is the theory of how different types of discrimination interact. “The theory seeks to examine how social and cultural categories such as gender, race, class, sexual orientation, religion, and other axioms of identity interact on multiple levels.” In her widely read essay, Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color, Crenshaw highlights...
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...gathering information, I will only include the Sources, Parties, and Issues along with some other supplemental information. One of the sources of this conflict is the poor living conditions in Central American countries, specifically the Northern Triangle (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras). This is an important conflict dynamic because there are many reasons to leave Central America, which include the high poverty level and horrible economic conditions. There is also a history of organized crime that enables civil wars, gang violence, and drug wars. The rate of homicides and other violent actions are ridiculously high. This particularly violent dynamic of the conflict seems to justify why immigrants want to migrate to gain a sense of security. On the other hand, the source of permitting these immigrant children to come to the U.S. unaccompanied dates back to 2008 when George W....
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...Violence: The Final Face of Oppression Violence is perhaps the most omnipotent face of oppression, it can be the worst case scenario for the other four faces of oppression or act as an underlying factor, which gives it ultimate power. When people think of violence they often think of physicality, but the true power of violence comes within its ability to take on multiple forms. You can inflict psychological violence, cultural violence , sexual violence and even emotional violence on a person or social group. Because of the power that violence possess it is every bit as ubiquitous, if not more, as powerlessness can be. America has institutionalized the faces of oppression. It is in educational systems, it is in prison systems, and it...
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