...ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR (MGT700) Group Assignment Personality and Individual Differences: The Big Five personality traits, learning styles, and academic achievement PREPARED BY: AILEEN ANNE ANAK JINGGONG (2014307239) ROZITA BT NAWI (2015494512) 1. TITLE OF THE ARTICLE The Big Five personality traits, learning styles and academic achievement 2. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY * College students differ in how the process, encode, recall, organize and apply the information they learn. * The article wish to understand whether the differences are related to personality and does learning strategies are mediate the link between personality traits and academic achievements. 3. LITERATURE REVIEW: For the literature review articles, researchers found the evidence on the relationship between personality, learning styles and academic achievement that could be a variable for this research. Researchers has referred to the Big Five framework of personality traits by Costa & McCrae (1992) that has emerged as model for understanding the relationship between personality and academic behaviors ((Poropat, 2009). The researchers want to test the relationship between conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion, openness and agreeable to the personality traits. Researchers also adopted Schmeck, Ribich and Ramaniah’s (1977) model because it identifies learning strategies that are likely to enhance learning and academic achievement from the framework of...
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...What are Personality Theories? Michael J Falls PSY/405 June 23, 2014 Bernard Wakley There are several different personality theories that attempt to explain how people act and who they are. Theories categorize people on characteristics or traits, and then try to describe the effect that this has on a person’s behavior in certain situations. Personality theories are supposed to focus on how people differ from one another; theories select behaviors or characteristics to determine their taxonomies or categories. Biological theories of personalities focus on genetics as well as biological relationships in physiological arousal and the neurochemistry in our brains. The biological approach to studying a person’s personality would be the differences in brain chemistry in extrovert and introverts. Theorist use biological processes to fill in the gap between personality and genetics by theorizing biological effects with behaviors. This anatomical approach examines the functions of brain structures. One of the biggest pioneers in the field was Eysenck; he attempted to relate personality to biology. Eysenck theory is complex, but it has grown over the years, one basic assumption is the brain has excitatory and inhibitory neural mechanisms. The balance between these two produces levels of psychological arousal at any given time. The dispositional theory is the classic or traditional way of psychological study of personalities. Since the early Greeks, maybe even longer it has been recognized...
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...Personality Traits Yasmin Peralta, Gennifer Powell, Daymeonta White, Robin Goolsby PSY/250 October 2, 2013 Dr. Rosalyn Williams Personality Traits Today’s world is full of interesting and unique individuals due to the different types of personality traits they possess. There are several types of assessments that are used to determine a multitude of traits that one may have. These assessments include the Big Five Personality Test. These assessments also measure a person’s strengths and weaknesses in a particular category. The reliability and validity of these assessments are measured on an individual basis. Utilizing the Big Five assessment tool located in Chapter 8 of the text, Yasmin discovered a multitude of things about her personality, some in which she both agrees and disagrees. First, the assessment show that Yasmin a seven in the extroversion category which is considered high. This particular category Yasmin agrees with this because she views herself as a dominant, outgoing person who can associate well with other people in any setting. In the agreeableness category, Yasmin scored a four, which is low, meaning that she is considered to be quarrelsome and unkind. Despite what the assessment shows, Yasmin disagrees that she is unkind and considers herself to be quite friendly and personable. In the conscientiousness category, Yasmin scored a six, which is medium high, indicating that she reliable and responsible. In the emotional stability category, Yasmin scored...
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...arise on the best way to go about. Managing Director of Green Curve Interiors, an established interior design and build company, aims to implement an organizational behaviour aimed at ensuring improved job performance of their employees. This paper tries to answer one of his question, ”How does personality affect job performance among various occupational groups?”, by investigating the relation of the “Big Five” personality dimensions (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness) to job performance for three occupational groups (Mangers, Skilled Workers and Sales). Office based employees at Green Curve Interiors were administered a widely acknowledged Big Five personality online test to obtain their personality trait score. Regression line and scatter charts were the tools used in our study to find the relation between the results of personality test score and job performance ratings. In our study we categorised green curve employees according to their occupational groups. From our analysis we found that conscientiousness was the best predictor for overall job performance among different occupational groups. We also found that extraversion and openness traits did not predict overall job performance, but they did predict success in specific occupations like managers and sales staff. We conclude our study by recommending Green Curve to incorporate the “can do” attitude and “continuous improvement” as part of their organisational behaviour. “Can do” attitude...
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...Five Personality Leadership Dimensions August 15, 2015 Five Personality Leadership Dimensions Many of us were initially taught that leaders are born with a unique set of inherent traits and if you lack those traits at birth then your destiny is to be a follower. Later, we discovered within our job searches that multiple organizations require various styles of leadership. However, numerous corporations are utilizing “The Big Five Personality Traits” along with other supplements to determine which candidates would be the best fit for a specific job position. The Big Five Personality Traits consist of five key dimensions with characteristic behaviors measured along a continuum which is listed below (Smith, 2015 p.1): 1) Openness: measures your level of creativity and desire for knowledge or new experiences. 2) Conscientiousness: will measure your organizational skills, along with ability to make plans and follow them through. 3) Extraversion/Introversion: this dimension will measure sociability, outgoingness and your energy level within a crowd. 4) Agreeableness: this dimension looks at your level of empathy, friendliness and kindness toward other individuals. 5) Neuroticism: measures your levels of anxiety, irritability, temperament and emotional stability. Therefore, having an understanding of your personality traits prior to searching and accepting a leadership position would be highly beneficial and predictable of your happiness within an organization...
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...Abstract (120words) This experiment studied how perfectionism could be corelated to particular personality traits (Conscientiousness and neuroticisim) and gender, basing it’s hypothesis on data collected from a population of psychology undergraduates in the form of a survey. The students answered a series of questions that helped determine their level of perfectionism, personality trait according to The Big Five Personality Inventory and gender. The findings indicated a moderate pattern of correlations between certain personality type and perfectionism, which proved to be consistent with the theory that people with the personality trait of conscientiousness or neuroticism were more likely to display higher levels of perfectionism compared to others. Gender on the other hand, showed to have no significant impact on levels of perfectionism. Body Mankind have always been on a pursuit of accomplishing great things throughout history. There is almost an obsession for breaking records, achieving the seemingly impossible and achieving success. Whilst it is this desire to be perfect that can be attributed to the development of human achievements, it can have detrimental effects if it develops into perfectionism. Perfectionism is personified by the pursuit of unblemished accomplishments and the tendency to set unrealistically high goals, often combined with the need to be hypercritical of self-behavior (Flett & Hewitt, 2002). Perfectionism involves unrealistic high...
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...Trait Theories of Personality Accordingly, to Psychologist Gordon Allport (1897-1967) developed the Traits Theory in which he believed that personality is a combination of characteristics and qualities. These traits are influenced by the societal experiences lived throughout the course of life he stressed on the concept of self-distinctiveness and unique of each individual. Allport emphasized the interaction of personality with the societal influences and circumstances (Samuel & Ellen Green Wood, 1997, p450). Allport’s theory of traits stresses the differences between the individuals. Gordon Allport theorized that traits are of three types: cardinal, central, and secondary traits. The cardinal traits are persistent, shape the individual’s behavior and attitude, and therefore determine his /her personality. Central traits are general traits that are common in so many people. Secondary traits are less pervasive, and ineffective in shaping the personality. However, they are seeing in certain circumstances. In another hands, the psychologist Hans Eysenk proposed that personality traits are of three types: antisocial, introversion-extroversion and emotionally stable. Meanwhile, the psychologist Lewis Goldberg developed a new theory in which he proposed a five-dimension personality model known as the Big Five. The Big Five theory includes the important and crucial traits of the personality. Openness to experience, versus Reticence. Conscientiousness versus, Disorganized...
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...Introduction Personality in psychology has defines as the unique pattern of thought, behaviour and feelings that are relatively stable over a consistent period of times and across various kind of situation. In other words it also defines as the characteristic or unique way of how an individual thinks, feels and acts. There are three theories in personality which are psychodynamic, humanistic and trait. Psychodynamic in personality is defines as the interactions of unconscious and conscious processes and the processes that affect our thoughts, behaviours and feelings. Besides that, humanistic is also one of the theories in personality where it defines and belief that people are born good and they try to reach their goals throughout their life....
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...between the leader and follower. The charismatic role is a transformational leadership model. Envolving the expanding the followers interests and facilitating followers to perform for the overall good of everyone. (Schermerhorn, 2012). Instrumental leaders show a propensity to develop strategy and set procuedures in motion. In addition, the instrumental leader uses all means available to the achievement of organizational goals. While science has shown that most successful leaders have both charisma and instrumental tendencies, these traits alone are not enough to become an effective leader. Reasearch literature has been full of information regarding the qualities of different leadership traits and how they influence change within an organization. It is important to note that, it would be irresponsible not to address how leaders develop mastery of the leadership skill set (Sahgal, 2007). Personality Traits and Genetics Some leadership traits are innate. According to the University College London, there are genetic differnces associated with people who are successful leaders. The article discussed a study published online in Leadership Quarterly, claiming that a specific DNA sequence was found in people who held leadership positions. The genotype, rs4950 is passed...
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...- Individual differences Approach Personality Intelligence Values and Beliefs Individual differences Approach Personality Definition Defined as an individual differences in feeling, mood, attitude, thinking, and behaving FACT: Personality forms generalized pattern Explaining Personality Trait Perspective of Personality Biological Perspective of Personality Cognitive Perspective of Personality Trait Perspective of Personality Personality is a set of traits Thinking, Behaviour or Feeling enduring over time (don’t change Quickly) Funny adventurous Talkative Introvert Extrovert Trait Perspective of Personality Enduring over time Disposition (Acting in a particular way in certain situation) Trait 1 Trait 2 Trait 3 Trait 4 Trait 5 Personality Generalized pattern Trait Perspective of Personality FACT: All people have same traits but with different degree -FACT: There Are 3 Types of Trait Cardinal Trait Secondary Trait Central Trait Trait Perspective of Personality Trait Types Cardinal Trait Dominant Trait Secondary Trait Trait Exhibited in a certain Situation Central Trait Characterize an individual’s daily interaction Trait Perspective of Personality - almost 18,000 different traits - Eysenck grouped these traits into 4 Main Traits Extroversion Introversion Neuroticism Stability - Big Five Personality Traits There are five trait dimensions that are stable across time and...
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...Personality Essay BUS 322 Professor Hassan Yemer April 19, 2013 Big 5 Traits Personality is defined as a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, motivations, and behaviors in various situations. (http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Personality_psychology.html) Many contemporary personality psychologists believe that there are five basic dimensions of personality, often referred to as the "Big 5" personality traits. These Big 5 traits of personality are: extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness. Each trait can contribute positively or negatively on an individual’s work performance. I will describe each personality trait and how it can contribute positively on an individual’s work performance. Extraversion is characterized by sociability, assertiveness, emotional expressiveness and excitability. People who are high in this trait are often described as being outgoing and talkative, while those low in this trait are described as quiet and reserved. (http://psychology.about.com/b/2011/06/17/extraversion-psychology-definition-of-the-week.htm) So, if people are high in this trait, it might help to win the confidence of customers for business deals. Obviously this has a positive effect on both the company and the individual and will most likely...
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...Traits in Coping and Conflict PSY/230 Traits in Coping and Conflict The Big Five personality dimensions provide a very broad view of a person's personality. Everyone's personality has the combination of each of the Big Five personality characteristics. Some of the characteristics may be more than another, but still we all carry certain traits. Rentfrow (2014), "A considerable amount of research suggests that personality is stable throughout life and associated with a range of important life outcomes, from academic and occupational success, to marital stability and physical health" (para. 3). My husband and I have been married for ten years. We get along and enjoy each other's company; however, we are complete opposites. I am an extrovert while he is neurotic. Having such extreme opposite trait characteristics can be positive, as well as negative. Let me explain. Being an extrovert helps me to interact with the outside world while my husband struggles to make eye contact. For example, we went to our friend's BBQ over the summer. While I was enjoying myself and chatting with different people, my husband had a hard time making small talk with anyone, including our own friends. He became very anxious and stressed to the point where we had to leave early. This social outing put him into a depression because he was left feeling insecure and unwanted. His low self-esteem and moodiness only reaffirmed the label of negative affectivity. This trait, my husband strongly carries around...
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...The Big-Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Theoretical Perspectives Oliver P. John and Sanjay Srivastava University of California at Berkeley Running head: Big Five Trait Taxonomy Final draft: March 5, 1999 Author's Address: Oliver P. John Department of Psychology University of California, MC 1650 Berkeley, CA 94720-1650 W: (510) 642-2178; H: 540-7159; Fax: 643-9334 Email: ojohn@socrates.berkeley.edu; sanjays@socrates.berkeley.edu To appear in L. Pervin and O.P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford (in press). 2 Taxonomy is always a contentious issue because the world does not come to us in neat little packages (S. J. Gould, 1981, p. 158). Personality has been conceptualized from a variety of theoretical perspectives, and at various levels of abstraction or breadth (John, Hampson, & Goldberg, 1991; McAdams, 1995). Each of these levels has made unique contributions to our understanding of individual differences in behavior and experience. However, the number of personality traits, and scales designed to measure them, escalated without an end in sight (Goldberg, 1971). Researchers, as well as practitioners in the field of personality assessment, were faced with a bewildering array of personality scales from which to choose, with little guidance and no overall rationale at hand. What made matters worse was that scales with the same name often measure concepts that are not the same, and scales with different...
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...of these theories? Dispositional theory assumes that there are a finite number of personality traits that can be measured, evaluated and observed. Biological theory suggests that genetics are responsible for personality. Evolutionary theory asks how the evolved mind and present – day environment connect to shape human behavior. Dispositional Theories Dispositional theories explain the relationship between traits and personality. Two of the most well-known dispositional theories are Allport’s Psychology of the Individual Theory and Trait and Factor Theories. Gordon Allport, Hans Eysenck, Robert McCrae, and Paul Costa Jr are the more common of the dispositional theorists. The assumptions vary from those of the other theorists. However, just as the other theories, the dispositional theories provide a basis for the study of personality. Retrieved from: http://intothedepthsofthehumanmind.blogspot.com/2013/05/theoretical-perspectives-dispositional.html Dispositional Theory Limitations “All theories have strengths and limitations. One criticism of Allport’s theory is that it was not based on scientific investigations. Instead his theory was based more on speculation (Feist & Feist, 2009). However, Allport’s writings do constitute the theory. His writings did generate hypotheses although unhealthy individuals were not covered. Allport’s writings were a good basis for future personality theorists. Allport’s theory generated research primarily in...
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...using the information from the Big Five assessments and the underlying principles of trait theories. In today’s job market, team work or groups have become very popular. Most workplaces put together teams, and this allows different personality types the opportunity to brainstorm and come up with ways to improve business. Personality is one thing that distinguishes one person from another. Psychologists argue that personality attributes are inherited from family members, and different cultures. No matter the situation, personality differences are among people at work. In team settings it is important that each member has and keeps respect for one another, or the team will fall apart and the task at hand will not reach full potential. The Big Five personality assessments show that the impact of group personalities would be more creative at brainstorming and have a greater chance of finishing the tasks at hand. According to Buchanan, at the group level, it was predicted that teams with personality patterns consisting of moderate levels of Extraversion, high levels of Openness to Experience, and high levels of Conscientiousness (optimal pattern) would perform significantly better on an innovative task than teams with personality patters that varied from this type of pattern (Buchanan, 1998). One solution for working together would be to get the person or persons in the group with extreme personality traits to come to terms with their personality. Getting the group member to...
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