...of trauma-causing events to use for this assignment: * one man-made or natural disaster 9/11/01 * one more personal trauma-causing crisis Rape * Explain the potential effects these events may have on the survivors and the first responders. * Explain how the counselor’s role may differ in treating a survivor of each of the traumas you selected and how they may differ in treating a first responder to each of the traumas. * Explain how a mental health counselor could develop VT or STS in each of these traumatic events. * the belief in personal invulnerability that allows one to use public transportation at night, or the belief that the world is an orderly place, are challenged by the stories and experiences relayed to persons who practice counseling or psychotherapy with survivors of trauma. * first identified the problem of vicarious traumatization (VT), which they defined as the cumulative transformative effects upon therapists resulting from empathic engagement with traumatized clients. As part of their work, these clinicians must listen to graphically detailed de-scriptions of horrific events and bear witness to the psychological (and sometimes physical) aftermath of acts of intense cruelty and/or violence.The cumulative experience of this kind of empathic engagement can have deleterious effects upon clinicians, who may experience physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms similar to those of their traumatized clients (Pearl ...
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...LITERATURE REVIEW Literature Review – Trauma Felt by a Counselor Marie C Klemens Walsh University Abstract The purpose of this research is to identify that a counselor can be a victim of trauma, as well as their client. By taking care of oneself in a physical, mental and spiritual manner, they are preparing for a potentially well maintained professional life as a counselor. Knowledge and acceptance of these traumatic occurrences, is the first part of healing. The literature that I had obtained provided the reader, with great knowledge pertaining to the subject matter of vicarious traumatization and counter transference. By identifying both of these subjects as different forms of trauma, I also learned that they have similar qualities. With the knowledge that I am basing this research on and further exploration of this subject matter, counselors can be more prepared for their future. Literature Review - Trauma Felt by a Counselor The counseling profession is based on the realism as a powerful, but yet private relationship between a counselor and a client, but with ethics being a factor, all efforts are centered on being impartial and having good intentions (Jaffe & Diamond, 2011). Because of the tight relationship between a counselor and his or her client, it is humanly impossible that a client and a counselor will not endure feelings and reactions towards each other (Jaffe & Diamond, 2011). Trauma is the occurrence in which an individual is confronted...
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...March 5th, 2015 When one is witness to trauma through listening to another’s traumatic experience, emotional reactions of confusion and turmoil can be evoked. This is otherwise known as secondary trauma. Secondary trauma is referred to a range of potential reactions one can have when engaged in assisting someone who is traumatized by an experience. Clinicians need to gauge what are healthy and normal responses when hearing another person’s trauma and what is considered as “compassion fatigue” or “secondary traumatic stress” or “vicarious traumatization” or “secondary traumatic stress disorder or countertransference. When exposed to this type of trauma, people need to identify and deal with their own emotional reactions and how this relates to their own experiences. As well as modulate their feelings and organize their thinking (Geller, Madsen, & Ohrenstein, 2004). The capacity to empathize, to feel with another person is the focal point of psychotherapy (McCann & Pearlman, 1990). That being the case, clinicians need to learn how to think clearly, modulate their emotions, feel effective when working with clients and maintain help that they are going to be effective. But, if the clinician is put into these states of stress by virtue of listening to others, they may feel inclined to withdraw from their clients (Geller et. al, 2004). When creating a psychotherapeutic relationship between a therapist and a client one approach that is considered as compatible with our...
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...emotional abuse is ongoing, significant problem, impacting nearly 35% of women. Emotional abuse by a spouse or romantic partner can often lead to negative psychological outcomes, including depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, posttraumatic stress disorder, learned helplessness, and resentment of the abuser that persists even when the abuse ends. There have not been designated therapies designed to help these women. Gayle L. Reed and Robert D. Enright (2006) examine the roles forgiveness therapy has on emotionally abused women in the article The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress for Women After Spousal Emotional Abuse. According to Reed and Enright (2006), forgiveness therapy is designed to help the client let go of the anger and resentment that stems from a justifiable wrongdoing. The researchers believe that forgiveness therapy will be beneficial to the women who were emotionally abused by their spouse because it targets the resentment the woman has for the abuser. These emotionally abused women often times experience learned helplessness and accusatory suffering. Learned helplessness often occurs when women develop self-blame in response to their abusive spouse’s criticism and ridicule. Whereas accusatory suffering is when the emotional abused spouse continues to feel like the victim and hold onto the resent. Because of the nature of emotional spousal abuse, forgiveness therapy can be very beneficial (Gayle & Enright, 2006). Gayle...
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...Personal Reflection Paper Nikia Crump BSHS 345 Seanee Alexander July 6, 2015 Introduction This paper will focus on a personal experience with vicarious traumatization as well as invidious comparison. Will focus on how to avoid vicarious traumatization in your personal/ work life and ways to strategize to avoid this. These will also be strategies that I use as a Human Service professional to avoid traumatiztion as well. How to Stop Invidious Comparison We have to realize that we are all different and no two people are the same in any way, but as humans we have a natural tendency to constantly compare ourselves to others that we may see on a daily basis or those that we see on television. It is normal to do this to merely evaluate the similarities and differences between yourself and others. In today’s society we have turned in to comparison junkies and this is something that starts at birth with comparing babies on who’s the cutest and then it just carries over throughout the years into adulthood. * We have to learn that comparing ourselves with others is a bad habit and is a sign of low self esteem. Today’s society does project flawlessness within everyone nowadays and that is an untruth, because no one is perfect. *Understanding that everybody is different because that’s just how we are and how we were meant to be. Everyone is born different even with twins, they may look alike, but they have different mindsets, different experiences, and...
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...Coping with the Psychological Trauma of Cancer LaHoya Blount COM/172 November 15, 2011 Cassandra Baker Abstract After reading this research paper, it is understood how both men and women cope with the diagnosis of cancer as well as the psychological trauma they experience. Both positive and negative coping styles that patients experience are explained in this paper. Information is given that compares and contrast upon gender concerning patients’ posttraumatic stress disorder and the psychological trauma they face. Sources and coping styles are included that may become helpful in handling the emotional and physical trauma patients may have. Psychological Effects of Cancer Many Americans are diagnosed with various forms of cancer every day. Once diagnosed with cancer the patient go through some form of psychological trauma. Psychological trauma also known as post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with a specific medical illness in this paper it is cancer. Depending on the gender of the patient, the news of having been diagnosed with cancer takes each patient through some difficulties. Although all patients have to deal with being diagnosed with cancer, there are differences and similarities in each gender when dealing with the psychological trauma of cancer (Hagger & Orbell, 2006; Hampton, 2000). Men and women face emotional and physical trauma during treatment of cancer. Both men and women go through depression and anxiety. Men deal with the diagnosis...
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...The aim of this paper is to provide a review of literature that has contributed to research about depression and well-being relevant to the Aboriginal and Indigenous populations in Australia. The following will identify some of the accepted causal attributes and expression of depression within remote and urban communities. In addition, the identified tools used to assess depression for this review will be examined. Finally, the relationship between the management of mental illness and current programs aimed at supporting indigenous people towards achieving holistic balance will be identified and examined to highlight possible contributions of future research. Aboriginal people have long been subjected to disadvantage in comparison to non-aboriginal people in Australia. (Reference) the roots of disadvantage is widely accepted across literature to flow from colonisation and presently developed into complex issues and traumas shared inter-generationally. These complications have impacted many aboriginal people in relation to their physical health, development, culture and their social and emotional well-being. (Reference). According to the Australian Institute of Health & Well-being (AIHW), the issued report in 2011 found that mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and substance abuse disorders were identified as being the second highest affliction in the indigenous population. Furthermore, hospitalisation was more frequently engaged upon. AIHW data...
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...The Silent Society: Being Deaf Deafhood and Epistemology When considering the epistemology of deafness, one must consider the history of how deafness has evolved. The history of deafness comes from the ignorance of those who could not understand how people who had a disability were different from them. It was easier to place these types of “folks” in intuitions and not deal with their needs. Understanding the deaf community comes through understanding the culture and the history that allows the deaf to have a “voice” and provide them with the necessary services that make the deaf more human. Through mental health, hearing assessments, and trauma, there is an understanding that even though they may not live in the hearing world, there are still apart of society. How they function as a community is important, as they too have a voice. Deafhood is described as “static”, not a medical condition; however, it is a process-a struggle that is endured by every child, adult, and family to explain themselves, and each other their own existence within their world (Hauser, O’Hearn, Steider, &Thew, 2010). Epistemology can be defined as the philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits to human knowledge. When dealing with deaf epistemology, there are many facets to which it can be understood and misunderstood. The authors discuss the visual learning process that a Deaf child goes through by being raised by either a Deaf parent or a hearing parent....
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...and accusation dating back 20 years. Trauma is a deep distressing psychological experience of an individual is detrimental to healthy growth and development. Unfortunately, everyone will experience some form of trauma throughout their life span rather it is a loss of a loved one or an unforeseen event such as rape. Some effects of trauma are not visible, such as the following: scares, bruises, or broken limbs; many are deeply embedded emotion. These embedded emotions due to the exposure to trauma can create long-term psychological disorder known as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD creates a feeling of hopelessness, fear, anxiety, and depression that can occur at any time after exposure that can expand a lifetime. People who suffer from complex PTSD often...
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...This article holds the title of "USING CONTROL-MASTERY SND JUNGIAN THEORIES TO TREAT NIGHTMARE DISORDER: A KASE FROM THAILAND''. It is written by Elsegood, Wongpakaran, and Wannarit. This paper will give a brief background about dreams and what might cause them, and to what do they indicate. This paper also discuss the Control Mastery Theory (CMT), and the Jungian theory, in order to interpret a Thai woman's depressing dreams and treating her nightmare disorder. Then comes the therapy process, and different strategies to treat the patient. The article then gives a case example to a patient called Yani, it discusses her background, worries, and her struggles with the Naga Dreams, and her cultural influence. The article discusses her treatment plan, course of therapy, and the therapeutic outcome. After her treatment, the article displays the critique of theoretical approach. In the end it discusses the implications for mental health...
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...the lives in regards to their living pattern including life and death. As observed in 2012, about sixty-five thousands of homeless veterans in the United States of America are living without the basic necessities of life and among them about eight percent include female population. Furthermore, there is an increasing trend of suicide cases among these homeless veterans because of severe PTSD, Aids, and other serious diseases. Casualties of Self- Sacrifices The New Logics of Homeless Seclusion: Homeless Encampments in America’s West Coast Cities There are the individuals who have analyzed the improvement of costly camps as far as tramps managing with the abandoned and under-used zones of the city left to them. The sample used in the research paper incorporate the destitute shantytown in Tucson, Arizona, at the focal point of Snow and on the spatial imperatives of destitute survival, and the different stories on the homeless people who possessed the abandoned Amtrak yards in the gluttons of New York City (Herring, 2014). Portraying settlements as politicized locales of a challenge, from one viewpoint, and zones of disregarded destitution, the current studies point to the irregularity in both the structure and elements of these new islands of the periphery and the points of imprisonment of restricted background analyzes (Herring, 2014). The selected study overcomes these constraints through the experimental development and hypothetical expansion. The study highlights twelve places...
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...Trends- Human Service June 24, 2013 Trends This paper will relate economic and political events to current trends in the human services field. Identify demographic trends that influence future needs in the delivery of human services. The team will focus on the North, South, East, West of the USA, and Military serving in foreign lands for our collection of data for this paper. East One major trend in the East coast that has affected Human Services professionals is the Terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 (9/11). There is no doubt that Americans everywhere will remember the tragic events that took place on 9/11 at the World trade Center, Pentagon, and the aborted flight in Pennsylvania. “The loss of lives and property on 9/11 was not large enough to have had a measurable effect on the productive capacity of the United States even though it had a very significant localized effect on New York City and, to a lesser degree, on the Washington, D.C. area” (Woodside & McClam, 2011, pg.? ) . The attack of 9/11 changed many lives in many ways. Every day is a reminder of how life has changed with longer lines at airports, concrete barriers, a greater police presence in cities, a color-coded five-level threat system, and increased emphasis on biological weapons research. The attacks on 9/11 has affected the work of human service professionals in a major way, encountering clients with both long and short term consequences. Because these attacks were acts of terrorism;...
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...authors of this article were one Shelia Catlett of Western Kentucky University and Fairview Community Clinic, USA and one Sherry R Lovan also from Western Kentucky University, USA. Both authors conducted a qualitative research study, which was also a replication of a study published in 2002, investigating the qualities of a good nurse and the role ethics plays in decision making. Ethics refers to the moral code for nursing and is based on obligation to service and respect for human life. Ethical Knowledge occurs as moral dilemmas arise in situations of ambiguity and uncertainty, and when consequences are difficult to predict (McEwen Wills, 2011). Ethics in nursing is used to guide and direct nurses conduct and practices. It requires experiential of social values and ethical reasoning. Its main focus is on matters of obligation, what ought to be done, what is right, wrong and responsible. The study implemented modification related to the research questions, sample selection, data collection and Atlas.ti software for qualitative data for the purpose of providing ease of coding, viewing, mapping and storing the data for retrieval analysis. The main focus of this replication study was to understand what it means to be a good nurse and do the right thing. This research provided current and allied literature to the relationship between ethics and good nursing practice. They study was carried out in a mid- size University in Kentucky, USA. They had prior approval and all personal information...
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...Program Planning and Evaluation Paper Holly Regan HSM/270 May 25, 2014 Fedder Williams Program Planning and Evaluation Paper In comparison, each of the two components; program planning and program evaluation are related in the way that each is a theory based and goal-oriented activity. A program is a permanent and inseparable element of the planning process intended to achieve specific future goals. The methodical, yet necessary process of planning is important in designing programs to become an effective and efficient tool for human service organizations in conjunction with a systematic approach to descriptive research for meeting each presented goal. Descriptive research is designed to service clients, describe program characteristics, and other elements. It describes the use of facilities, community resources and other resources as well. It is also designed to study the relationship of association among various factors or variables and take into account the solicited views of a social issue or problem in program or policy design/planning process. Descriptive research provides a description of an observable fact or event or the relationships between two or more observable facts or events. Assessments vary categorically, but they can assess nearly everything and to the nth degree. Social programs are no different as assessments are utilized to produce data that is crucial for programs turning negative outcomes into positive outcomes. An assessment of needs plays...
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...Sampling and Data Collection in Research Paper BSHS 435 Roxanne January 12, 2015 Heather Suggs Sampling and Data Collection in Research Paper Research is essential to improve the effectiveness of the delivery of human services and to further the education of human service professionals. Research allows human service professionals to understand and apply what was learned in research to better assisting clients to accomplish their objectives and goals. There are different ways to conduct research in human services. I will be discussing two ways to conduct research which are sampling and data collection. I will discuss the purpose of sampling and data collection and how it relates to human service. Sampling Sampling is one way to conduct research in human services. Sampling can be obtained from a certain population, depending on the research. The sample is generally composed of one or two elements which are obtained from the population being studied. In order to attain a preferable sample, first you have to identify the type of population to get a sample. In case you are not able to obtain a good sample, it is more likely to affect your conclusion. There are two types of sampling, which are probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling can be used to achieve every element that has the opportunity to be incorporated in the sample. Probability sampling is usually done randomly like how people pull names out of a hat or drawing straws. There...
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