...Variations and Common Findings The evidence indicates that the reasons for withdrawal vary according to student group, the nature of the institution, the support available and the subject studied. More often than younger learners, mature students cite non-academic reasons for leaving a course. However, the stated reasons for withdrawal need to be treated with caution. There are usually a number of inter-related reasons for leaving a course and former students often cite those that are the most recent or which protect their self-esteem. Nevertheless, research has identified a number of common factors associated with non-completion. The evidence indicates that the reasons for withdrawal vary according to student group, the nature of the institution, the support available and the subject studied. More often than younger learners, mature students cite non-academic reasons for leaving a course. However, the stated reasons for withdrawal need to be treated with caution. There are usually a number of inter-related reasons for leaving a course and former students often cite those that are the most recent or which protect their self-esteem. Nevertheless, research has identified a number of common factors associated with non-completion. Cohort Differences The evidence suggests that certain groups of students experience specific difficulties which can lead to their not continuing on a course. It has been noted, for example, that Access students often withdraw because of the...
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...Climate variations For years, individuals have contributed to the acts upon global warming. People live their lives not thinking about how their actions effects the planet. Acts such as burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests, and having massive landfills cause tolls on the environment. Over the years, the crisis called the greenhouse effect has been happening. The greenhouse effect is light energy that is stored in the atmosphere. The gases traveling in the atmosphere converts the light energy into a form of heat energy. It is obvious that all living organisms need heat to survive. With out heat, no living life would be on earth. What would happen if the earth became too hot for living organisms? What kind of adjustments would humans have to make; if any? Too maintain a healthy environment, the earth needs to cool down. Changes in individuals every day lives need to occur. People need to put an end burning fossil fuels all of the time. The greenhouse effect is a vast problem in the environment. If the universes atmosphere keeps getting more warm with more gases in the air, earth will not be able to function. Over the years, earth has become more warm. It is possible that the gases in the air may cause the heat to create holes in the ozone layer. The holes from the ozone layer would cause radiation to come down from the sun. Radiation on earth could cause a serious health issue such as cancer. As individuals are being born around the globe every second, constant activates...
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...Phonological Free Variation in English: An Empirical Study Jose A. Mompean 1 Department of English Philology, University of Murcia, Spain Abstract This paper presents the results of a corpus-based study of ten words exhibiting phonological free variation in their phonemic or accentual makeup. The study uses data from the News archives of the BBC Learning English website. The rates of use of the variants for each lexical item are given and discussed. Key words: Phonological free variation, free variants, BBC English. I. Introduction Phonological free variation is a well-known phonological phenomenon that occurs when two (or more) phonemes –the free variants- may replace each other in the same position in a word without any change in meaning (e.g. again / gen/ or / ge n/). The phenomenon also applies to words that exhibit different stress patterns (e.g. controversy /k n tr v si/ or / k ntr v :si/) with no change in meaning or grammatical category. The existence of phonological free variants is caused by different types of factors. These include ongoing sound changes (e.g. / /-/ :/ for sure in BrE representing the general replacement of / / by / :/ in the system) or phonetic and/or phonological processes such as assimilation, dissimilation, epenthesis or liaison (e.g. / febju ri/ for February –as well as / febru ri/– due to dissimilation of the two nearby /r/s). Sociocultural aspects such as speakers’ awareness and knowledge or beliefs about the relationship between spelling and...
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...ESSAY #1: Write a description of how you or someone you know responded to cultural variation Setting the scene: It’s December 2009 in Baghdad, Iraq. I was a 21-year old Private First Class that had graduated from the United States Army’s School of Infantry at Fort Benning, Georgia in May of that year and now found myself in a completely foreign, hostile, and culturally varied population just seven months later. As I was to find out, going from Ft. Benning, Georgia to Baghdad, Iraq was a rather steep learning curve! It’s hard to describe- even now- just how different my environment was from the one I had grown up in. I was used to being the person who was dressed differently due to always being in Army fatigues; however, I now found myself in the middle of a population in Iraq that dressed in what appeared to me to be nothing more than colorful sheets and thick headwear- that Arabs wear “sheets” or “towels” is a common misconception that is permeated by Hollywood and people who have no clue about life and culture in the Middle East. Yes, it was odd to my twenty-one-year-old brain since I hadn’t yet been stripped of the restrictive lens with which I viewed the rest of the world. Now I was living and working in an environment in which things that had been viewed as routine at home were viewed as highly offensive gestures or behaviors in that part of the world. Simple things such as spitting, drinking alcoholic beverages, publicly showing affection towards females in...
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...pathophysiology. Consequently, the perceptual experience of pain is not merely a sensational experience, but also an emotional experience. It is important to distinguish between acute and chronic pain. Acute pain is biologically useful; it serves as the body’s alarm of an underlying medical condition, whereas chronic pain loses this function. The medical model beliefs that there is a major difference in acute and chronic pain. According to it, someone with an acute pain will be obvious tissue damage. The pain they experience will be directly to do with that. However, with the chronic pain, there is no obvious tissue damage. Consequently, they are psychological disorder. From psychological point of view, the reason why there are enormous variation in how patients experience and manage their pain is that pain is a physiological experience and maybe the variety they need, perceptions are due to their personal extremely anxious. Reason why there are enormous differences most be a psychological reason, such as anxiety of the belief that the pain will take over their life and or maybe they are sick or got mental health problems. For example, a 77year old woman with chronic tissue damage in her lower back whose pain has recently spread to her legs and has resulted in her mobility being restricted is now being worried about how long she will be able to do so. Also, Gate control theory why there are such varied in a person's perception of pain is physiological. Some people are able to...
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...Climate change From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For current and future climatological effects of human influences, see global warming. For the study of past climate change, see paleoclimatology. For temperatures on the longest time scales, see geologic temperature record. [pic] |Atmospheric sciences | |[pic] | |Aerology | |Atmospheric physics | |Atmospheric dynamics (category) | |Atmospheric chemistry (category) | |Meteorology | |Weather (category) · (portal) | |Tropical cyclone (category) | |Climatology | |Climate (category) | |Climate change (category) | |Global warming (category) · (portal) | |v · d · e | Climate change is a long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions or the distribution of events around that average (e.g., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change may be limited to a specific region or may occur across the whole Earth. |Contents ...
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...arXiv:math.DG/0207039 v1 3 Jul 2002 Exterior Differential Systems and Euler-Lagrange Partial Differential Equations Robert Bryant Phillip Griffiths July 3, 2002 Daniel Grossman ii Contents Preface Introduction 1 Lagrangians and Poincar´-Cartan Forms e 1.1 Lagrangians and Contact Geometry . . . . . . . . . 1.2 The Euler-Lagrange System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Variation of a Legendre Submanifold . . . . . 1.2.2 Calculation of the Euler-Lagrange System . . 1.2.3 The Inverse Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Noether’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Hypersurfaces in Euclidean Space . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.1 The Contact Manifold over En+1 . . . . . . . 1.4.2 Euclidean-invariant Euler-Lagrange Systems . 1.4.3 Conservation Laws for Minimal Hypersurfaces 2 The 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Geometry of Poincar´-Cartan Forms e The Equivalence Problem for n = 2 . . . . . . . Neo-Classical Poincar´-Cartan Forms . . . . . . e Digression on Affine Geometry of Hypersurfaces The Equivalence Problem for n ≥ 3 . . . . . . . The Prescribed Mean Curvature System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v vii 1 1 7 7 8 10 14 21 21 24 27 37...
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...ENVIRONMENTAL/DETERIORATION VARIATION Environmental Variation Opportunities for achieving robustness abound. We have a product, a process and materials. Each can be designed to be robust to the others. In addition, all can be designed to be robust to the usage conditions and environment as well as to wear and deterioration of the components and materials. Given that we wish to deal with quite unrestricted environments, little is known about this sample correlation. Companies sometimes execute certain experiments performed in simulated environments. You can design a process to be robust to the environment. Suppose you are manufacturing gloves. By identifying the proper temperatures and line speed, the glove line can be setup so that is robust to daily fluctuations in room temperature and room humidity. This results in fewer process adjustments as the room conditions change. You can design a material or component that is robust to the environment. Temperature often has an effect on the strength of a plastic. When formulating the plastic, targets should be selected for the ingredients that make the strength insensitive to fluctuations in temperature. This results in a more reliable product, i.e., one less likely to encounter conditions under which it will fail. Deterioration Variation This introduces variation into the product as the product is used. It is a major cause for warranty issues in products. Parts wear, break or fatigues and fail. For example...
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...There are many different choices that one can make when designing an IT network. These most preferable choices can change depending on your needs, the capabilities that your equipment requires, and perhaps most important, the budget you have available to spend on the network. First, you will have to choose from the various topologies that exist. Second, you will have to determine what type of cable you will use to run your network. Finally you will have to decide if you want to have wireless capabilities. In this paper, you will find a great deal of information that should help you in making your decisions, at the very least, a little easier. Topologies There are several different topologies available to choose from, each with its own traits and flaws. The most common are the bus, ring, and star topologies. There are several other examples, but these are the network topologies that will be covered in this paper. The bus topology is the simplest network topology. also known as a linear bus, in this topology all computers are connected to a single unbroken cable. On a linear bus, each computer determines when the network is not busy and transmits its data as needed. The signal in a bus topology travels down the entire length of the cable, giving its data to each connected device. At the end of the bus is a component called a terminator. The terminator is essentially a resistor that terminates the transmitted data, preventing it from returning back down the bus, which...
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...Variation is a common circumstances in construction projects. Variation always occur in construction project and it is carry an important right from the inception until the completion of a project (Halwatura and Ranasinghe, 2013). According to Aftab, Ismail and Mohamad Faris (2014) variation as in the contract get involved with the modification of the original scope of works. The sources of variation can come from many factors. Variation can cause conflict and disapproval among the parties involved in construction projects (Aftab, Ismail and Mohamad Faris, 2014). In addition, it is very necessary to control variation in construction project. A clause is provided in the most standard forms of a contract which the client or his representative...
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...Review - For natural selection to occur individuals in a population must vary from one another. The variations may be visible (Eye color) or on the molecular level (Blood type). Only those traits that can be inherited are relevant to natural selection. Where does genetic variation come from? 1. Genetic variation is random and caused by mutation. Random changes in a gene can result in a new allele. This new allele may be helpful or detrimental. 2. Sexual reproduction results in a unique combination of alleles that each individual inherits. Unique genetic combinations are the result of independent assortment in meiosis, random fertilization and crossing over . Genetic variation is caused by random processes but natural selection is not random!!! Mechanisms of Evolution Evolution is a change in a population’s genetic makeup from generation to generation. What causes a gene pool to change over time? 1. Natural Selection (we already discussed) Individuals that function best in an environment have the most offspring. More of their genes are represented in subsequent generations. These individuals are said to be “fit”. Not necessarily the biggest, fastest, or strongest. Good enough to survive and reproduce. Relative fitness compares the fitness of different individuals. Examples of natural selection: Panda’s Thumb, Foxes Sexual selection is a form of natural selection in which individuals with certain traits are more likely than other individuals to obtain...
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...the analysis of accumulated weather data for long term patterns and trends. Change is defined as, “To make or become different.” Combine those two words together the definition is “long-term weather patterns and trends becoming different over an extended period of time.” According to many researchers there has been a drastic change in climate temperatures. With their findings it is truthful that global warming is indeed happening before our eyes. Are these changes being caused by man? Ahrens C. Donald answers that question with, “changes in the climate can result from both natural events and human activities are causes of the warming. Examples of the natural causes of climate change are volcanic eruptions, variations in the earth’s orbit around the sun, and variations in solar output” (Ahrens, 485-491). There are also reasons for the climate change caused by humans. These examples include, industrial pollutants and fossil fuels (Rhodes, 116). After further ado, it is not solely contributed by man, the environment and natural causes play a huge role in it as well. Of course there are both sides to every debate. Some scientists believe there is no such thing as global warming. They believe this because they say there isn’t enough evidence to support the idea of it. Media is making this a “hot topic” as well as all the politicians making money off of the subject. This...
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...Nino, which is weather with local, short-term consequences as well as with global, long-term importance. In the ort-term. El Nino can bring a dry summer for some regions and a wet winter for others; however, over the course of many years, the number of times El Nino conditions occur may decade changes in the global climate. Variations in the behaviour of the weather over long time periods, such as from one century another, are referred to as climate change. Climate itself adjusts from the times of 'ice ages,' hen huge ice sheets covered large areas that are currently ice-free, to periods similar to today hen ice sheets are largely confined to Antarctica, Greenland, and the floating Arctic sea ice. Paleo-climate records indicate that much of the climate changes over the last two million years occured in a rather cyclical manner; with glacial periods lasting roughly 100,000 years with warmer interglacial periods of 10,000 years occurring in between. The sun, of course, is the ultimate source of heat energy reaching the Earth, fueling our weather systems, and establishing our major climate zones. There is, however, good evidence that larger variations in the sun's activity do occur. For example, during the last half of the 17th century, there was a period of greatly reduced solar activity. This was also a time of harsh winters and extended bitter cold referred to as the Little Ice Age. Scientists do not yet understand the underlying...
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...Various other models predict the nation's vulnerability. Bangladesh is the nation most vulnerable to global climate change in the world, according to German Watch’s Global Climate Risk Index (CRI) of 2011. This is based on the analysis of impacts of major climate events that occurred around the world in the twenty-year period since 1990. The reasons are complex and extremely intertwined. Located at the bottom of the mighty GBM river system (comprising the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna), Bangladesh is watered by a total of 57 trans-boundary rivers coming down to it: 54 from neighbouring India and 3 from Myanmar. The country, which has no control of the water flow and volume, drains to the Bay of Bengal over 90% of the total run-off generated annually. Coupled with the high level of widespread poverty and increasing population density, limited adaptive capacity and poorly funded, ineffective local governance have made the region one of the most adversely affected in the planet. There are an estimated one thousand people in each square kilometre, with the national population increasing by 2 million people each year. Almost half the population is in poverty (Purchasing Power Parity of $1.25 per person a day). Hence these people do not have the ability to respond to a natural disaster and the government cannot help them.[2] Effects[edit] It is projected that, by 2020, from 500 to 750 million people will be affected by water stress caused by climate change around the world...
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...“Human activities contribute to climate change by causing changes in Earth’s atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse gases, aerosols (small particles), and cloudiness. The largest known contribution comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases and aerosols affect climate by altering incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared (thermal) radiation that are part of Earth’s energy balance. Changing the atmospheric abundance or properties of these gases and particles can lead to a warming or cooling of the climate system. Since the start of the industrial era (about 1750), the overall effect of human activities on climate has been a warming influence. The human impact on climate during this era greatly exceeds that due to known changes in natural processes, such as solar changes and volcanic eruptions.” IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. I do support climate change as a human-caused event. Although it occurs naturally, humans have played a huge part in the advanced onset of climate change. “ Human activity is causing the Earth to get hotter primarily by two actions: Burning fossil fuels, with a smaller...
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