...Part A The California Gold Rush was an important discovery that contributed to the development and expansion of the United States. Prior to the Gold Rush California was a remote and sparsely populated area with no government control. People could come by sea or land which made it a great location when the Gold Rush exploded. The California Gold Rush brought 300,000 people across the United States to the West (Wikipedia, 2004). Of the 300,000 half arrived by sea and half came from the east overland on the California Trail and the Gila River Trail (Wikipedia, 2004). At first the gold nuggets could be picked off the ground. Later, gold was recovered from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques. Towards the end heavier equipment was used to retrieve the gold. When the gold was first discovered they wanted to keep it quiet. There was fear of what would happen to the land and agriculture if there was a mass gold search, but rumors spread and people saw the profits that could be made. Many hurried to set up stores to sell gold digging supplies and then announced and spread word of gold. It didn’t take long for this exciting news to take off. Soon all the newspapers along the east coast were reporting the findings and wealth to be made in California. The effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. In six years, San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents to a boomtown of about 36,000 (Udall, 2003). Roads, churches, schools and other towns...
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...Using new technology and knowledge relating to the hydrosphere and atmosphere is the key to saving water efficiently. Because technology is becoming a dominant factor of everyday life, it can be used in a positive manner such as reserving the environment efficiently and effectively. The California Drought has been an issue that worsens every year and this year it has become the driest year yet (Dept. of Water Resources, 2014). Having a lack of water greatly impacts the environment as well as California residents. Because many citizens are already experiencing its impact, the California Drought has developed a lot of attention towards efficiently reserving water throughout the state. Although the drought has many impacts on different aspects...
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...The history of California, one of the populous state in the United States can been divided five phases; Pre-European contact, European exploration from 1542 to 1759, Spanish colonial period that happened between 1769 and 1821, Mexican time between 1821 and 1848 and the period between United States statehood to date. The Native American inhabitants were approximated to be close to 300,000 with over 100 tribes and bands before the European exploration. The population made one third of the total American native inhabitants at that time. In the wake of 1542, the European explorer, Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, a Portuguese working for Spain arrived in the coast of California. He came in contact with Indian inhabitants in the southern coast. Juan realized that California was inhabited by primitive Indian ethnic group who lived on subsistence level. They practiced no agriculture and had no domesticated animals except only for dogs. They also had no pottery except wood, leather, woven baskets and netting. Their shelters...
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...The first of many lawsuits began with farmers and beekeepers who sought compensation for their losses and to stop the aerial spraying of DDT. A similar case in 1957 sought to stop the spraying of DDT over Long Island, this case gaining enough traction to go to the Supreme Court, though they declined to hear it. One of the people who played a massive role in the fight against DDT was Rachel Carson and her book Silent Spring put out in 1962. Carson’s book detailed the impacts upon the environment DDT created; the book became so widespread and known that it generated massive public support for the banning of DDT. The impact of her book and the public opinion created a decline in the use of DDT, which reached its maximum use in 1961 in the Unite States while globally it took until 1964 for use to decrease. The United States began the process of truly determining the safety of DDT in 1963 with the President’s Science Advisory Committee being charged with reanalyzing pesticides use. Because of the Committee’s findings, it was determined legislative action had to be taken to protect both the land and life; thus in 1964 the Federal Commission on Pest Control was created along with four additional governmental committees. Additionally, come 1970 the findings on the matter prompted the creation of the EPA, the Environmental Protection Agency (Husic and Kähler,...
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...Honey Bees and Bumblebees are currently being poisoned by your garden, causing their mass extinction. There are many causes of bee life decline, some being: Pesticides, drought, habitat destruction, nutrition deficit, air pollution, and global warming. We are at fault for so many of these death traps, but the biggest harm is pesticides. Everytime you spray your garden with any pesticides (especially those containing neonicotinoids), the poison seeps into the pollen and the bud of the flower. The bee, who’s collecting the pollen from the flower, is now collecting the poison you fed your yard with. These little workers ingest the insecticides, which intoxicates their central nervous system, causes paralysis and then kills them. The issue...
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...An Analysis of the Fruits and Vegetables Supply Chain Abstract Fruits and vegetables provides your body with the essential vitamins and minerals that is needed to maintain your health. Introduction It is no surprise these days that people are trying to live a healthier life. In order to do so one has to alter their diet and add fruits and vegetables. It takes time but the effort is worth it. We are learning every day that having fruits and vegetables in your diet can help guard against diseases and some types of cancer. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is doing their part to inform everyone about the benefits of eating fruits and vegetables. Their website is chock full of information that every family can use to their benefit. Fruits and vegetables also provides your body with fruits and minerals. When you eat a variety of fruits and vegetables it helps you control your blood pressure and even weight loss. The daily recommended intake of fruits and vegetables is 4.5 cups. In addition to eating healthy physical activities should also be included such as biking, walking, and swimming and exercising. More and more workplaces are jumping on the band wagon to implement some form of wellness program with a variety of activities for employees to have an opportunity in having good health. Some have built gyms and allow employees time during the...
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...The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is an important aquatic ecosystem that provides water to millions of Californians and delivers water to many acres of agricultural land. It is a place where thousands of people call home and generates numerous amounts of jobs and money to the state of California. It is home to more than 750 species of plants and wildlife and over 55 species of fish . Many of the Delta’s native fish populations have been declining for several years which have sparked controversy between policymakers and the management of the Delta. One native fish in particular focus is the delta smelt. The delta smelt, a small iridescent fish is endemic to the upper part of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The smelt faces many threats such as getting sucked up into big pumps that divert water or threats like getting trapped by predators when the pumps disrupt the river flow. California’s droughts also make freshwater rare and water diversion causing the delta smelts environment to be too salty. The delta smelt was considered an endangered species by the Department of Fish and Game in December 1993 and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in March of 1993 . The delta smelt has been in decline, by...
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...increase their yield in agriculture, by attempting to exterminate insects and weeds through herbicides and pesticides, the toxic compounds attach themselves to whatever living compounds and destroy them. Ironically, we rely on these honeybees’ ability to pollinate and encourage crop growth & quality and bee colony growth alike. Finally, one of the most reoccurring reasons for colony collapse is the overall change of the Earth’s natural climate. For the honeybee to properly pollenate and sustain its population, the flowers, and crops that it had been indulging in have to be relatively the same. Due to recent mass pollution emitted by humans in industrial pursuits and technological development, weather patterns and average temperature of the Earth have risen and become drastically different from even a few centuries ago. With ocean’s temperatures rising along with the decline of natural water-purification species such as algae and coral, wind patterns become skewered and are misplaced into odd weather patterns that do not normally occur. These weather patterns can cause premature animal migration and flowering of plants, along with extreme and lasting droughts, storms, hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes, etc. The natural wind patterns across the oceans provide the basis on why tropical storms and similar hurricanes develop, if we have adapted to the behavior of those systems and are changing climate, the consequences cannot be imagined. In the United States, California has been hit extremely...
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...Poaching: The Storm of Extinction The epidemic of poaching has rocked the country of Africa. The generous profit of Ivory in Asia and lack of income opportunities is seemingly forcing innocent people, who are simply looking for a means of survival, to kill elephants for their tusks. In order for survival of families, elephant poaching has become a significant source of income in Africa. Because of this, total extinction of these majestic animals is becoming a very real possibility and studies show that sadly enough we are swiftly working towards that. Here we will discuss the scope of the issue (what, when, where and why), regulation efforts of the poaching and the projected future of the outcome of poaching. When I first heard about poaching...
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...The Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) states that illegal immigration costs California nearly $22 billion each year. This amounts to $2,724 per California household to pay for the health care, education, welfare and incarceration of illegal immigrants (Gallegly, 2012, para. 3). While not the root of unemployment, illegal immigrants have added to the strain caused by high unemployment in our society. Illegal immigration brings thousands of people into the country each year; it has been the cause of the country’s deficit, along with the loss of jobs of able and ready workers. Each year more immigrants enter the U.S. as the need for jobs increases. The number of people on unemployment will increase since business owners can pay workers less than minimum wage. If not confronted and resolved in the near future, taxpayers will support illegal immigrants with no retribution, and America’s debt will continue accumulating at an alarming rate. Immigration started nearly a thousand years ago and began an ongoing trend of more immigrants entering the country, which in turn has resulted in a few of the problems contributing to America’s economic situation. Travelers came to America with huge hopes of a new nation with both political and religious freedom. Many wanderers came to America in hopes of a promised land and others believed America offered unlimited resources, while people from Africa were brought to America against their wills and forced to help build a new...
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...Extract Freeing Up Obesity By ROBERTO DE VOGLI (Professor, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis) February 13, 2014 http://www.themarknews.com/2014/02/13/freeing-up-obesity/ The obesity epidemic is out of control. Since 1980, obesity rates have tripled in most countries, and there are now almost two billion overweight individuals in the world. Policy recipes to fix the problem abound. More education, fewer cars. More bicycles, less TV. The list goes on and on. So far, though, public-health interventions have failed spectacularly. But why? Although the rise of obesity is often described as an effect of specific individual and lifestyle choices, the problem is largely a byproduct of deeper political and economic changes in society. In a recent study published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, a group of researchers, led by myself, found that, when compared with more protected economies, countries adopting more aggressive deregulation policies experienced faster increases in body mass index and consumption of fast food and soft drinks. After taking into account alternative explanations and competing risk factors, we concluded unequivocally that the freer an economy is, the fatter its people are. How does an unregulated market relate to the rise of obesity? Through market concentration and the rise of food oligopolies that flood markets with cheap, unhealthy, ultra-processed products, in addition to fast food and soft drinks...
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...INTRODUCTION California’s Central Valley is home to miles and miles of beautiful land, filled with a bounty of fresh fruits and vegetables. The agriculture in this area helps to provide food to a majority of the state as well as the nation. The valley is located just a short distance from the beach on one side and just a short distance from the hilltops and mountains on the other. While it sounds appealing in theory and may look like a perfect place to live from above, the Central Valley is also home to some of the worst air quality in the nation. LOCAL CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION The Central Valley contains many factors that play a role in its high levels of pollution. While this region is home to producing most of the fruits and vegetables...
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...million D) 7 billion E) 19 million 2. Which of the following is NOT a part the United Nations Development Program? A) Individuals will be responsible for limiting their use of water B) It will lower the cost of water C) It will provide public financing for water infrastructure development D) Water access will be a part of broader poverty-reduction programs E) Water providers will be held responsible for consistency and safety 3. The human body is made up of approximately ____ percent water by weight. A) 50 B) 60 C) 70 D) 80 E) 90 4. Worldwide, freshwater use is: A) increasing because, on average, each person is using more water. B) decreasing because, on average, agriculture is conserving more water. C) decreasing due to the decline in the global population growth rate. D) decreasing due to improved technology and greater efficiency. E) relatively stable due to offsets between individual use and industrial conservation. 5. Artificial lakes in which water is stored for later use are called: A) cisterns. B) lakes. C) ponds. D) reservoirs. E) estuaries. 6. The basis for most of water's physical properties is: A) its non-polar structure. D) its status as a positive ion. B) the hydrogen bonds between adjacent molecules. E) All of the above C) ionic bonds. 7. Water: A) is composed only of hydrogen atoms. B) is composed only of oxygen atoms. C) is composed of two atoms of oxygen and one atom of hydrogen...
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...crops, but the cultivation and the perfection of human beings” (Fukuoka 119). Agriculture is one of the most important determinants of the quality of non-urban areas, one that can create a cultural identity of an area. But despite the cultural identity it can give, farming and agriculture also provide food which is needed for all living organisms to survive. Nevertheless, the processes and methods of producing the food are split between two very different ideas: Conventional or Organic agriculture. Conventional farming describes any farming not dedicated to alternative methods. Fundamentally, conventional farming is the kind of farming which dominated the 20th century and which accounts for most farming today. In conventional farming, chemical plant protectants, chemical fertilizers and intensive mass animal farming are common. The term “conventional farming” draws its meaning from the contrast to alternative farming methods such as organic farming. Conventional farming methods date back to the Industrial Revolution, which gave birth to newly invented machinery. This new machinery began producing goods with greater efficiency and output, which had previously been made by hand. It was also the beginning of the transformation of society, but did not overtake agriculture as quickly as it did in other areas of production, such as textiles and printing. No doubt, that was because agriculture was intimately connected with nature’s ecology for production. Nature’s ecology...
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...How do we ensure adequate supplies of clean water for the future? Brian Daters BVU Seminar We all know how important water is in life, but most don’t know how precious it really is. In every corner of life, life revolves around water or the struggle to obtain water. Most people don’t realize how difficult it can be or what problems they are causing because they just go turn on the faucet. Some people need to wait days or walk miles just to get clean water. The stress level that the human race is pushing on the 1% of drinkable water is already at its breaking point. These are the results as to why the human population doing great harm to the water sources by agriculture run off, human pollution, and over usage. Let’s first talk about some of the world’s water facts. According to unwater.org, 85% of the world already lives in the driest half of the planet. Of those people about 783 million people do not have access to clean water and 2 to 3 billion do not have access to clean sanitation. It is incomprehensible to think that 70% of our planet is covered with water but only 3% of it is drinkable. Of that 3%; 2/3 of that is frozen. The main problem that stands between adequate supply of water for the future starts with us. The need for water is essential to life but to what extent do we need to take to solidify a clean water supply for years to come? The first problem is the over usage of water to meet our ever growing needs. Not only is water used to water crops...
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