...REFERENCES 1. Ashton, Deborah. "What HR Can Do to Fix the Gender Pay Gap." Harvard Business Review. Harvard Business Review, 02 Dec. 2014. Web. 08 Oct. 2015. 2. What We're Watching in the Gender Wage Gap. (2010, September 1). Retrieved October 8, 2015. 3. Neale, M. (2015, June 29). More Reasons Women Need to Negotiate Their Salaries. Retrieved October 8, 2015. 4. Maatz, L. (2014, April 5). The Awful Truth Behind the Gender Gap. Retrieved October 9, 2015. 5. Smith, K. (2014, April 10). The Gender Pay Gap Is Just the Beginning of America's Pay Inequity Problem. Retrieved October 9, 2015. 6. The Simple Truth about the Gender Pay Gap (Fall 2015) (AAUW: Empowering Women Since 1881) 7. Mind the Gap: How One Employer Tackled Pay Equity. (n.d.). Retrieved October 9, 2015. 1. It’s no secret that women are paid less than men, even when occupations are held constant, and even when those occupations are high-pay and high-skill. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median weekly earning for American female physicians working full-time is $1,497, while for men it is $2,087. A 2013 BLS report shows pay inequity by occupation for women of all races: women in architecture and engineering occupations earn 83.7% to the dollar in comparison to men and in computer and mathematical occupations 81% to the dollar in comparison to men. When Forbes analyzed 2012 median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers data from BLS for the top-paying professions...
Words: 5900 - Pages: 24
...Compensation Gap and the Higher Education Connection Judith E. Grey-Bowen, Miami-Dade County Public Schools Donovan A. McFarlane, The Donovan Society LLC and Frederick Taylor University Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the gender gap and the potential factors that contribute to income inequality. Since the passing of the equal pay act, the median weekly earnings of women is still just seventy eight cents on each dollar that men earn (Center for American Progress, 2010). To put this in context, the pay gap in 1970 was sixty two cents and in 1992 it was seventy five cents (Institute for Women’s Research, 1993). Undervaluation of women’s work, occupational gender segregation, and discriminatory treatment in the workplace continue to hamper efforts to reduce the gender pay gap. A pay check is women’s and men’s most important source of income. Therefore, it is surprising, discriminatory and unfair to know that after both genders have worked satisfactorily on the same job; they do not receive the same pay. The gender pay gap is the best way to measure pay inequality between men and women. The authors discuss Gender Compensation Discrimination and examine the historical trends in pay difference, the various causes and the methods and paths considered for closing the Gender Compensation Gap. Key words: Gender Compensation Discrimination, Gender Compensation Gap, Equality, Rights and Privileges, Sex Segregation, Gender Pay Gap, Wage Gap, Discrimination, Equal Pay Act, Occupational...
Words: 9335 - Pages: 38
...Wages: Is There Really a Gender Pay Gap Abstract The wages used in the following research paper were taken from a population of 100 workers and divided by 12 descriptive statistics. The purpose of this research is to determine if there really is a gender gap with wages. The following descriptive statistics were used: wage, industry, occupation, education, location (from the south or not from the south), non-white, Hispanic, female, ex-military, marital status, age and Union. This research paper will include the problem statement, research question, hypothesis, definitions, presentation of data, conclusion, implication, recommendations and reference page. This research paper is composed from peer reviewed journals and references are available on the last page of this research paper. Wages – Is there really a Gender Pay Gap Introduction Is the United States work force still facing the issue of gender pay gap? According to The American Association of University Women (AAUW) it’s real, it’s persistent, and it’s undermining the economic security of American families. This research paper will define that there is indeed a pay gap between men and women working full time in the United States. (Linda D. Hallman, CAE AAUW Executive Director, 2012) Problem Statement The American Association of University Women (AAUW) has been on the front lines of the fight for pay equity since 1913. AAUW members were in the Oval Office when President...
Words: 1936 - Pages: 8
...Pay inequality Rosie went into a job interview with high self-esteem. Since she went to college and was a very good student, she knew this job was going to be her’s. At the end of the week, she got a notice from the company. It said that they thought she was perfect for the job, but the company didn’t give her the job because they didn’t think she would be able to get the work done. Rosie was furious. She didn’t give up. At her next interview, she got the job, but she wasn’t getting paid as much as the other men who worked in the same position as her. She knew she would have a hard time getting a new job, so she decided to deal with the pay inequality. Women’s inequality and educational opportunities differences are a social injustice because women aren’t getting paid as well as men and they aren’t educated as much as men in all countries....
Words: 782 - Pages: 4
...GENDER WAGE GAP INTRODUCTION Nowadays there are a lot of women graduates from universities, master programs and colleges. Also some studies showed that women are doing better in school then men (Buchmann, 2006). So why are women still not getting paid equally as men? We see that the gap is getting narrower and narrower throughout the years. However, pay gap between men and women still exist. After World War II, women were paid 60% of what men paid. This situation got better in 2000s. Studies showed that in 2009, women earn 80% of what men earn after one year they graduate from college (Day and Hill, 2007). Even though women's level of education is getting higher throughout the years, this improvement is not enough to getting pay equally as men. Women are continuing to earn less than men on average, and the convergence is not enough to compensate the gap in the upcoming years. This paper focuses on the worldwide gender pay gap and it gives general insights about the issue. I will try to explain the reasons of the gender pay gap between men and women. At the first part, I will briefly look at the issue historically. I will try to explain the trends of pay gay throughout the years. I will analyze the gender wage gap starting from the post World War II period. At the second part, I will explain some theories and studies about the reasons of gender wage gap. Some theories attribute this situation to “gender-specific”...
Words: 2614 - Pages: 11
...Sherry Jia Women’s Studies 120 Professor Eileen Boris March 5, 2009 Ending Gender Pay Disparities Pay disparities for women are a longstanding and troubling issue. While there was some advance in relative women’s pay as indicated by statistics on the ratio of female to male pay, in around 1994 the ratio leveled off suggesting an end to progress (See Figure 6.1, McCall 22). The differences in pay are widespread and pervasive applying not only to female-oriented jobs but to any jobs in which men and women both engage. Only at the bottom of the wage scale do women’s and men’s pay tend to converge because of the effect of the minimum wage. Statistics from 2005 show women earning only 0.77 of what men earn (Weinberg 26). Research has brought out many factors that seem to be influential, such as number of hours worked, experience, and differences in employers (Weinberg 26). However, such explanations do not offer much hope for improving the situation so as to make equal pay a reality. The recently passed Ledbetter Bill has closed some loopholes, but it is unlikely to have a significant effect on ending pay disparities (Erbe). Some might argue that the government can do no more since these disparities result from factors other than gender discrimination. However, as long as women make considerably less than men in similar jobs, women are second-class citizens and not full participants in society. I strongly urge Congress to craft and pass legislation that recognizes...
Words: 3183 - Pages: 13
...Eloïse Stark Midterm Essay How to explain that women still get lower wages than men in the OECD countries? In western countries since the Second World War, women’s growing participation on the labor market has been one of the most profound transformations not only of the economy but also of society as a whole. Dual income families have become the norm and in a bid for sexual equality, most OECD countries have created laws to protect pay equality for men and women, such as the Equal Pay Act in 1963 in the US, or the article 119 of the EEC treaty. Nonetheless, women continue to earn less than men in all OECD countries. There are different ways of measuring this. Comparing annual or monthly earnings shows the difference between what both sexes “take home”, which is interesting from a sociological perspective. However we shall focus on the “gender pay gap”, defined as the “the relative difference in the average gross hourly earnings of women and men working full time”. This shows the difference between the actual “price” of women and men’s labor, taking into consideration the fact that men work more hours on average. How does the gender gap stand today? Despite differences between countries the gender pay gap remains a persistent characteristic of OECD labor markets. In 2006, women earned an average of 16% less than men, per hour worked. … Although we can see a slow but continuous drop over the past few decades in all countries In OECD countries, which are...
Words: 3444 - Pages: 14
...obstacles women face when striving for equality in the workplace. This paper will explore the disadvantages women face in the workplace, including the gender pay gap, the under representation of women in senior leadership roles and sexual harassment. A plan to address these disadvantages will be outlined and justification of why it will work will be provided. At the outbreak of world war one far fewer women than men participated in work, and they tended to be lower-paid domestic occupations, as the women’s main role was seen to be in the home. The withdrawal of approximately half a million men, most of who had been in the workforce, still did not result in their direct replacement with women. Women’s contribution to the workforce rose, but the increase was in traditional areas of women work, for example in the clothing and footwear industry. Unions were unwilling to let women join the workforce in greater numbers in traditional male roles as they feared it would lead to a lowering of wages (Adam-Smith, 1996). Since the early 1900’s the country has come a long way and developed at a rate faster than anyone expected, take for example technology, people are walking around with the computing power that put a man on the moon in their pocket, yet in 2014 there is still gender inequality in the workplace. Lack of pay equity and equal opportunities is an issue for every women in the Australian workforce, and sex inequality at work is so pervasive and persistent that it is taken...
Words: 2083 - Pages: 9
...Dominique Hollie Professor Bitzenhofer December 2, 2016 Texas Government 2306 - 014 Equality of Pay It is interesting to realize how anybody can go to the store, see a male and female cashier who both have been working at the store for 7 years, both work equally as hard and even sometimes the female will work harder than the male. Little do people know, is that the female, like many others in the United States, especially in Texas, are only receiving 77% of what her fellow male co worker is making. Currently in Texas, employers are protected by a pay equity policy called the Fair Pay Act of 2013. They are also pending the Fair Minimum Wage act to raise minimum wage in which the costs from $8.20 would rise to $9.15 after one year and...
Words: 1007 - Pages: 5
...to all occupations, to equal pay not just for similar work, but for comparable work. In 1979, the UN adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).” Despite the fact that the UN World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna confirmed that women’s rights were human rights.” Most people still think that there is gender discrimination in the workplace, and the employees have no right when it comes to these injustices such as gender-based discrimination on pay rise/payment, promotions, professionalism and assigned...
Words: 819 - Pages: 4
...Equal Pay Should Be The Only Way! The issue of equal pay between genders is still a problem in today’s society. Not to mention the argument of equal pay between genders of different ethnicities and minorities. The unfairness in this is, no matter the age, a white man is paid much more than a black or Mexican man. A white woman is even paid more than both ethnic genders. A women of color is paid less than their male counterpart, not to mention the gaping wide wage gap between women of color and a white man. The many factors leading into why the wage gap exists or still exists is that men are stronger, and deserve bigger salaries. This is the main idea of sexism, and that women should earn less than then men. When in some cases, the women have...
Words: 1888 - Pages: 8
...Throughout history, American society has defied the odds against it and continued to adapt to changes to better improve itself as a society. However, there are still issues that linger throughout this country’s society that need improvement. In 1920, the United States of America ratified the 19th Amendment granting women with United States citizenship the right to vote. This ratification was attributed with great strides for the women’s rights movement however, almost one hundred years later, women are not as equally treated as men in a variety of areas. In order to fulfill the United States of America founding father’s dream, American society needs to adapt it’s policies on women and strive to promote an equal opportunities within the living...
Words: 1737 - Pages: 7
...Sexes The word “gap” is defined as a wide divergence or difference. For as long as time has existed, there has been great tension between the sexes. This is a problem in the US due to the inequality of salary with gender, race/ethnicity, and education. This salary gap is nearly impossible to avoid, even though women have spent the time and hard work with education and dedication to their job, just as men have. Women have improved in these areas to receive high position and equality with men in the work force. However, even though they have kept their heads down and played by the rules, women still have somehow come up short and, their pay remains less than men’s pay. The earnings and income of men and women differ on many levels; it’s almost hard to believe. It makes you wonder what else is a factor besides the gender. Data from a 2012 study “Women’s Earning and Income” showed that with full time, year round work, there was almost a $12,000 dollar decrease in the income between men and women. In the same study it showed how even having a marital status can affect with the income between the two sexes. A working married woman earns about $751 weekly earning as to a married man can earn about $981 dollar weekly earning. If you have equal shares in marriage why is the gap still there? In the 2012 study whether married, divorced or never married women still inherit a lesser salary then men. As an individual your hard work should be enough to entitle you to equal pay. When looking...
Words: 725 - Pages: 3
...Unpaid care work and its correlation to other social, political, and economic forces Gender inequality in unpaid care work is the missing link in the analysis of related to gender gaps in labor outcomes in three areas: gender gaps in labor force participation rates, quality of employment, and wages [Esquivel, 2013]. Unpaid care work and female labor force participation Firstly, the amount of time devoted to unpaid care work is negatively correlated with female labor force participation. In countries where women spend an average of five hours on unpaid care activities, 50% of women in the working age-population are active, i.e. employed or looking for a job [Esquivel, 2013]. However, in countries where women spend three hours on unpaid care...
Words: 1506 - Pages: 7
...Factors Contributing To Pay Gaps in Australia Name: Institutional Affiliation: Introduction Factors that contribute to the pay gap in Australia and why the difference is more significant in some industry sectors than others. The labor market is composed participants who are basically men and women. The rewards of the labor market are wages. The concept of wages is complex and has to be considered critically by employers. One of the greatest concerns in the labor market has been the disparities in the mean income between men and women. Differences between wages received by participants in the labor market is measured by the gender pay gap. The differences arises due to various aspects that differ from one organization to the next (Cohen 2007). In Australia for example, the wages pay gap is computed on the basis of full-time weekly earnings excluding overtime and salary sacrificed pay. Currently, the wage pay gap in Australia stands at 17.5%. The gap has been fluctuating with small margins but the figure has remained unchanged overtime. Differences in income levels of men and women are, for this reason, an important economic and industrial aspect worth consideration. In order to address the disparities in the pay gaps, it is important to examine the possible reasons as to the existence of remuneration differences between men and women. Why does the difference exist? Well, the answer to such a query is often critical and complex. However, the real explanation is the fact...
Words: 3014 - Pages: 13
