Premium Essay

Research Paper of Hpv

In:

Submitted By vdavila
Words 724
Pages 3
I chose this article HPV in inner city teenagers because I remember hearing about the vaccine at the end of high school and being told it was probably too late for me to have the vaccine! I was interested in find out how many girls are getting the vaccine these days. I plan to have all my children, boys included vaccinated against HPV. As future health professional I may also find myself in the position to recommend the vaccine to the patients or clients I work with.
The article states that the current recommendations are to vaccinate young people before they become exposed to HPV. However women up to the age of 26 may “catch up” and get vaccinated. Only about a third of adolescent women have had all three doses of vaccine as recommended. While cervical HPV rates are highest among young women, rates of infection in other parts of the body (e.g, mouth, anus) are currently being examined. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HPV in the three main sites on the body in a group of young unvaccinated inner city women.
METHODS
Participants
In the Bronx, New York City, 97 sexually active women aged 15-22 were enrolled in the study at Mt. Sinai Adolescent Health Center between July 2005 and March 2006. All women coming in for gynecological exams, sexually transmitted infection treatment or screening, and follow up for abnormal pap smears or genital warts were included. The women in the study were

 mostly African American (54%) and Latina (39%) with an with a median age of 19. The median age for losing virginity was 14. Most (82%) reported having 3 more sexual partners. Almost half, forty-seven percent, had contracted a sexually transmitted infection before. Over a third had atypical pap results as well as having previously being diagnosed with chlamydia.
All the young women provided cervical and anal specimens collected using “Thin Prep” using a

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Hpv as a Causative Agent in the Development of Cancer

...Verdiner Wolf Abram Zavulunov Group 6: HPV as a leading cause of Cancer Human papillomavirus (HPV) was founded in the 1950s as a virus infection that is associated to many cancers. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact and less intimate skin-to-skin contact. Preventions have been implemented to raise awareness of the virus. The first vaccine for HPV approved as a widespread use in the US was in 2006. The virus acts to infect the keratinocytes in the skin and mucosal membrane. Other areas the HPV acts as a carcinogen are the cervix, anus, penis, vulva, vagina, oropharynx, benign genital and cutaneous warts, respiratory papillomatosis, and nasal or oral papilloma. Some researchers have concluded that the HPV infection which is more common during the active period of age is directly related to certain cancers. Researchers have found that HPV is associated with certain types of cancers and also have found that HPV can have no association with certain cancers. The research we did will explain the various cancers associated with HPV and attempt to answer the question “is HPV the leading cause of cancer?” In the United Stated and around the world, cancer is and continues to be a very serious disease that affects millions of people. Head and neck cancers are “the sixth most common cancer in the world” (Lajer et al. 2012). While the link between HPV and cervical cancer has been established; it is still unclear to researchers how HPV is related to head and neck cancer. The...

Words: 2420 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Bibliography

...Annotated Bibliography on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Woman Castellsagué, X., Drudis, T., Paz Cañadas, M., Goncé, A., Ros, R., Pérez, J. M., & ... Bosch, F. (2009). Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in pregnant women and mother-to-child transmission of genital HPV genotypes: a prospective study in Spain. BMC Infectious Diseases, 9(1), 1-12. Retrieved May 27, 2009, from EBSCOhost Academic Search database. This article talks about the studies on HPV infection and transmission of the virus in pregnant women to the child yielding inconsistent results. The cohort studies consisted of 143 participants, 66 HPV positive and 77 HPV negative pregnant women and their offspring. Detection of cervical HPV-DNA yielded a 6.5% result (54/828) from provided data. Sexual behavior-related variables, previous histories of genital warts or sexually transmitted infections, and presence of cytological abnormalities were statistically significantly and positively associated with HPV-DNA detection in pregnant women recruited in the cohort. Louvanto, K., Rintala, M. A., Syrjänen, K. J., Grénman, S. E., & Syrjänen, S. M. (2011). Incident cervical infections with high- and low risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among mothers in the prospective Finnish Family HPV Study. BMC Infectious Diseases, 11(1), 179-189. Retrieved June 22, 2011, from EBSCOhost Academic Search database. The authors talk about the increase or decrease risk of incident of HPV infections in pregnant women along with...

Words: 621 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Prevalence of Oral Hpv Infection

...Prevalence of Oral human papillomavirus Infection in the United States, 2009-2010 Protection of Human Participants Gillison et al., (2012), used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to establish the widespread of oral Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the United States. There was a sample of 5571 participants used to conduct the study. NHANES explains the benefits of participating in the research study are that the participants receive free examinations in which there are measurements and tests that are not a part of a routine exam done in the physician office. Participants benefited by having many important tests performed free of charge while they also gain new insight into their health. They receive a preliminary report of findings from the test performed after their examinations are completed. To maintain confidentiality, the participants are given a password and number to call for their results when they were tested for sexually transmitted diseases. Regardless of age, every participant receives a cash payment as a "thank-you" for their time and effort. NHANES will also reimburse participants for transportation and baby and elder care (NHANES 2009-2010). According to NHANES, the participants are selected through a complex statistical process using the most current census information. NHANES 2009-2010 divides the United States into communities. The communities are divided into neighborhoods. The neighborhoods are selected at random. From...

Words: 1375 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Human Papillomavirus Essay

...Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is considered the most common form of Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) in our society today. It usually can be transmitted by having unprotected sex of either anal, oral, and or vaginal, but now it has been discovered that it can also be transmitted through a mother who has HPV and delivers her baby vaginally. If a vaginal delivery is the case with a woman who has HPV, the likely hood of the child getting HPV is rare. If the child does get HPV, the immune system of the child will usually get rid of the virus on its own. A woman who has a strand of HPV that causes genital warts and delivers her baby vaginally will not transfer HPV related complications. However, very seldom will a mother who has genital warts cause the baby to have warts in the throat. When this happens the condition is called respiratory papillomatosis and will require laser surgery to remove the warts to prevent the baby from not being able to breath on its own (WebMD, 2005-2015). There are over 100...

Words: 894 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Teens and Hpv

...Epidemiology: Teens and Human Papillomavirus Carmen Holder NUR/408 Epidemiology: Teens and Human Papillomavirus Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease found in the young, sexually active population. It is presenting itself as a growing concern among the most vulnerable population; teenagers. Usually, there are no signs or symptoms associated with HPV so most people do not realize they are infected or that they are exposing a sex partner to the virus. There are more than 40 types of HPV that can infect the genital area, but the two most common types are HPV 16 and 18. These two types are responsible for approximately 70% of all cervical cancers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). This paper will define epidemiology and describe the epidemiology triangle as it relates to HPV. A specific type of epidemiology, descriptive, will be explained in addition to various levels of prevention. “The word epidemiology comes from the Greek words epi (upon), demos (people), and logos (thought), and it originally referred to the spread of diseases of infectious origin (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012, p. 255). It was not until the twentieth century that the field of epidemiology was recognized as a discipline. The focus of epidemiology is on evidence-based practice and the outcomes are used to guide a change in practice. Due to the many manifestations of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and cancer, and other circumstances related...

Words: 2224 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Nursing Womend Health Ethical Issue

...Women’s Health Ethical Issues Research Paper NURS 318P Women’s Health Care A controversial topic that is currently being considered is the application of an early HPV vaccination in younger girls and boys. This sensitive subject has ethical implications and valid points can be argued both for and against the concept. Individuals that are for early vaccination hold that the vaccine prevents transmission of HPV, decreases chances of developing future complications, and is more cost effective in the long run. Individuals that take a stand against early vaccination will say the vaccine promotes risky sexual behavior, is not safe, takes away from parent’s autonomy, and is not cost effective in the immediate period. The following information will give insight to both sides of the argument and a personal stance on the issue. The first example in support of early vaccination is the prevention of transmission of human papilloma virus (HPV). There are symptoms that can occur as a result of having an HPV infection. Gardasil is found to be successful in preventing HPV infections from types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (Donahou, 2013). A benefit of the HPV vaccine is the provision that there is use of accepted medical technology that will prevent serious diseases when possible and minimize pain and suffering (Donahou, 2013). Vaccinating both young girls and boys is found to reduce HPV transmission (Chen, Shepherd, & Becker, 2012). White states “this vaccination may help prevent...

Words: 1431 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma in Current Events

...the purpose of this paper, I purposely stayed away from life and death issues. I have a strong moral and ethical stance on allowing patients to die with dignity. Keeping patients alive or giving treatments to prolong life without quality is so against my morals. If the patient chooses to become a DNR or refuses "recommended" life sustaining treatments, they should have the autonomy to do so. A recent example in the news is the death of Steve Jobs. Now that he has passed away, everyone and their brother are saying that he was a difficult patient. They say he refused lifesaving treatments and surgeries. This is easy to say now that he has passed. We cannot go back now and do a Whipple on him to compare how much longer he would have lived. Whipples are extremely involved procedures and can lead to many complications, with no guarantee of prolonged life. Monday morning quarterbacks are a dime a dozen. The ethical issue that I choose to use for my paper is the recent dilemma of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for boys. Vaccinations in general have always been on the list of ethical topics in healthcare. From parents of newborns who believe in the false link between vaccinations and autism, to pediatricians who refuse to continue to provide care to their patients whose parents refuse to vaccinate, to the newest dilemma of the HPV vaccination. This dilemma includes the recent comment made by Republican presidential candidate Michele Bachmann about HPV vaccine causing mental...

Words: 1165 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Leadership

...Discussion Paper on Age of First Invitation for Cervical Screening and Frequency of Invitation of Cervical Screening for Women aged 50 to 64 years Authors: Dr Sharon Hillier, Miss Helen Beer, Dr Shantini Paranjothy, Dr Rosemary Fox, Mr Bryan Rose and Professor Hilary Fielder. Screening Division Public Health Wales NHS Trust Based on papers prepared by Professor Hilary Fielder and Mr Huw Brunt Date: May 2011 Version: 1 Publication/ Distribution: Public Health Wales (Intranet) Welsh Assembly Government Review Date: Review in May 2012 or sooner if new information or evidence is available. Purpose and Summary of Document: The current policy for Wales is that women aged between 20 and 64 years are invited for cervical screening every three years. Scotland invite women aged between 20-60 years every three years. England and Northern Ireland invite women from 25 years of age and reduce the frequency of invitations to every 5 years for those aged between 50 and 64 years. The purpose of this document is to review the evidence on which the age of Cervical Screening Wales, Screening Division, Public Health Wales Discussion paper on age of first invitation and frequency of invitation invitation and frequency of invitation is based and to discuss the implications of changes for the female population of Wales, for Cervical Screening Wales and for NHS Wales. Work Plan reference: Cervical Screening Wales, Screening Division. Date: May 2011 Version 1 Page: 2 of 50 Cervical Screening...

Words: 13948 - Pages: 56

Premium Essay

Nursing, an Integral Part of Health Promotion

...Running head: NURSING, AN INTEGRAL PART OF HEALTH PROMOTION Nursing, an Integral Part of Health Promotion Grand Canyon University: NRS 429V September 18, 2011 Nursing, an Integral Part of Health Promotion Introduction Everyone in this global society has rights. All humans are born free regardless of race, color or creed. Everyone is entitled to these freedoms. In the pursuit of these freedoms, health is encompassed under these dignities. Everyone on this planet has the right to be healthy. This paper will examine the nurses’ role in helping people attain these rights. What and Why of Health Promotion? According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as “a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1998, p. 1). Health promotion is the process of empowering people to expand control over, and to improve their health. Health promotion is an encompassing process- it is social, it is political, it is economical, it is ever-changing. It not only embodies measures focused on strengthening the skills and capabilities of individuals to attain their inalienable right to attain optimal health, but it is also directed towards changing global perspective as well. Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over the factors of health, thereby improving their health (WHO, p. 1). Nursing Roles and Responsibilities Involvement is essential to sustain health promotion...

Words: 1113 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Should Vaccinate Children Safe

...The immune system produces antibodies when exposed to an invader. These antibodies persist for long periods of time and help to fight off an infection if the body sees the infection a second time. Unfortunately, these antibodies don't help much during the first infection. This is where much of the damage is done. Therefore, medical research invented vaccines. These take weakened infections or proteins from infectious diseases called antigens. It is important to note these vaccine components do not cause any deadly infections. They are merely portions of the infection or a weakened form of the infection. These vaccines train the body to fight off the infection if...

Words: 572 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Health Disparities of the Lgbt Community

...Health disparities of the LGBT community Darlene Poer Grand Canyon University Minerva Gonzales May 15, 2016 Health disparities of the LGBT community Many factors contribute to a person’s health status. Among them are, limited access to care, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “the social determinants of health as well as race are ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, age, and disability” (Myers, Yoon, & Kaufman, 2013). The Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community falls into this category. The individuals that belong to this group come from all ethnicities, races, economic and social statuses throughout the United States and the world. The Institute of Medicines report in 2011 states, “lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals have unique health experiences, but as a nation, we do not know exactly what these experiences and needs are ("LGBT health report," 2011, p. 4).For this reason their needs and health care inequities and inequalities should be addressed. The health promotion goal of the LGBT community is to “improve the health, safety, and well-being of lesbian, gay, and transgender individuals” ("," 2014). To understand the current health status of the LGBT community, one must understand some basic definitions. 1. Gender identity-A person’s basic sense of being male or female. 2. Gender expression- Manifestations that are defined as masculine or feminine. 3. Gender role...

Words: 1150 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Personalized Medicine Diagnostics Market

...Renub Research www.renub.com Personalized Medicine Diagnostics (Flow Cytometry, Sepsis Immunos, Routine Coagulation, Psychiatric Disorders, Tumor Markers, Molecular Blood Typing and Other Testing) Market & Forecast Published: June, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Renub Research – All Rights Reserved Personalized Medicine - Market Overview Personalized Medicine is often defined as “the right treatment for the right person at the right time.” Personalized medicine is becoming the place to be in clinical diagnostics as well and slowly becoming the reality of future in the diagnostics industry By Technology Segment - Personalized Medicine diagnostics market is expected to grow with a double digit CAGR for the period of 2013 to 2018. It is expected that personalized medicine diagnostics market by technology is going to double by 2018 from its current market size in 2012. In this segment, Point of Care Testing and Molecular Diagnostics segments control the #1 and #2 positions in 2012. By Diseases Segment - Personalized Medicine diagnostics market is expected to be more than US$ 30 Billion by 2018. Diabetes management test and Cancer management test are the leading market in this segment. Renub Research report entitled “Personalized Medicine Diagnostics (Flow Cytometry, Sepsis Immunos, Routine Coagulation, Psychiatric Disorders, Tumor Markers, Molecular Blood Typing and Other Testing)” report provides a comprehensive analysis of the emerging personalized medicine diagnostic market segments...

Words: 3516 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Case Study I

...Being forced to eliminate or introduce clinical services within any health care facility because of a budget cut can be extremely difficult and stressful. The appropriate decision-making steps need to be implemented to ensure success to the final outcome. This paper will discuss how one can use the Informed Decision Toolbox to effectively determine which clinical services can be introduced or eliminated in a county clinic with a budget cut of 15%. The best tool used for the decision as well as how the toolbox affects accountability and knowledge transfer will also be discussed. As a manager in a county clinic that provides health care to Medicaid patients, clinical services can become expensive for the facility. Within the clinic, numerous services are offered including: blood pressure screenings, blood sugar testing, pregnancy tests, flu/shingles/HPV vaccinations, yearly examinations for women, free antibiotics for patients, and affordable prescription drugs. Multiple services are offered at the clinic to alleviate the community traveling to different health care facilities for their health care needs. “It is believed that integration of care leads to greater public access, including more equitable access for people from different communities and socio-economic backgrounds, a more convenient and satisfying service, and better health overall” (Dudley & Garner, 2011, para. 2). It is difficult for one to eliminate any of these services because of the budget cut, so Rundall’s...

Words: 765 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Vulnerable Populations in Current Event Paper

...Vulnerable Populations in Current Events Paper NUR/440 Version 4 Health Assessment and Promotion for Vulnerable Population University of Phoenix Vulnerable Populations in Current Events Paper Vulnerability is an important component that nurses need to be familiar with when they’re working with different types of clients from different cultures, values and beliefs. Our jobs as nurses are to be able to identify and enhance the strengths of the patients and community and to help them to choose the right intervention in order to keep a healthy life. Nurses must address issues of vulnerability, because those populations are the most likely to become sick all the time due to the different stressors in their life. Vulnerability can be minor or severe, and as nurses we need to identify and address those different stressors that can cause temporary or permanent damage to our patients. In this paper the author will talk about the article “Gang youth as a vulnerable population for nursing intervention,” which defines a vulnerable population, what barriers may prevent these groups from obtaining needed services, and what the author experiences with vulnerable groups in the author’s own life. This article refers to our youth gang members from different poor communities, especially Chicago and Los Angeles, where we see a big number of youth involved in gangs. Usually, before these youths join the gang, are already exposed to this type of environment, and most of them come from...

Words: 1289 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Chlh Syllabus

...Office hours by appointment Lecture: Mondays & Wednesdays, 10:00-10:50 AM in 112 Huff Hall Discussion: Mondays 9:00-9:50 AM in 429 Armory Tuesdays 9:00-9:50 AM in 1002 Huff Hall Wednesdays 12:00-12:50 PM in 429 Armory Thursday 1:00-1:50 PM in 1002 Huff Hall Course Description This course will take a community health perspective in introducing students to a wide range of issues in modern medical ethics. It will address research ethics and ethical issues in clinical practice. This course will inform issues of practical, philosophical importance for all members of our society. The Department of Community Health, which is involved in professional preparation and research in areas of health education, health behavior, health administration, and epidemiology, is uniquely equipped to present these issues from a biopsychosocial perspective. The rapid pace of change in clinical practice, basic and applied research, policy development, health law, and other related fields of medical ethics ensure a constant supply of new subject matter. All of us will participate in medical decision making in our lifetimes, as patients or as family members, so this class has the potential to be enormously influential. It will not be taught from a clinical or professional perspective, but rather from community-based approach. At this level of analysis, which examines personal decision-making, social dynamics, policy constraints...

Words: 1706 - Pages: 7